英文第五冊第八課課文解說

☆教學目標
1. 認識出生排行對自己潛在的影響，進而學習如何以英語介紹自己的出生排行以及個性特徵。
2. 學會並活用本課單字、片語以及下列兩個句型：
(1) whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
(2) Not until + + ... + Aux/be + + ....
3. 藉由課文閱讀及課堂活動，讓學生學習如何以英文探討身為長子女和老么的優缺點。

☆本課導讀
本課引用心理學家的說法點出出生順序會對人的個性、性格特徵等產生影響，其中，更說明出生順序可能會造成性格上的差異以及對未來的影響，例如工作的選擇等。
其後，文章分別提到長子和其後出生的孩子在個性上的優缺點，並以此為根據分別說明較適合他們個性的職業。
然而，在了解出生順序對人們的影響之後，每個人可以意識到自己的性格和行為，這種認知有助於幫助個人改掉個性當中較不理想的部分，並舉出一對結婚的夫妻為例說明。
最後，文章指出沒有任何一個出生排行是最好的，因為不同的出生順序有其不同的優缺點；不過，若能了解這些性格上的傾向，則可以加強提升好的部分而減低壞的部分。

Warm-up
1. 本課的課前活動為六張古今中外名人的照片，由上至下，由左至右分別是李小龍、張惠妹、李安、J.K. Rowling、馬友友以及國父孫中山先生，請學生猜測這六位知名人士的出生排行以及說明如此猜測的原因，藉由活動可以讓學生大致了解文章的主題，以順利進入正文。


2. 若時間許可，教師也可進一步詢問學生以下的問題，以對出生排行以及個性特徵有更深入的討論：
(1) What is your birth order/rank in your family?
(2) Please use five adjectives to describe your characteristics and think about how your birth order may affect your personality.
(3) If you can choose your own birth order, what would be your choice? Why?



Reading

心理學家早已察覺出生順序通常會創造特定的人格特質。他們指出，家裡最先出生的小孩通常在早期就發展出領導的能力傾向。這主要是因為家長賦予他們照顧弟妹的責任。但是如果長子女將這樣的角色發揮得太過極端時，就會適得其反，可能長大後會變成專橫的人。
1. Psychologists have long been aware [that birth order...personality traits].
(1) S + be aware + that¬clause。例：
‧The government isn't aware that the economic
condition is getting worse and worse.
(2) that引導名詞子句，作為aware的受詞。
2. They have stated that whoever was born....


3. This is mainly because these people are given the responsibility of looking after younger siblings by their parents.
(1) this is because用於解釋之前提出的現象之原因。例：
‧Josh is never late for school. This is because he always gets up early.
(2) look after = care for = take care of，表示「照顧」。
‧As a class leader, I have to look after many things in my class.
4. The danger is [that if the older sibling takes that role..., he or she can become... ].
that子句在此作主詞補語，子句中包含if的真實條件句，表示狀況很有可能發生。


布蘭迪斯大學的華特‧托曼教授針對將近三千人進行研究後，發現長子女通常對於成就有最強烈的動機，這主要是因為家長高度期望的結果。
1. Studies of nearly 3,000 people done by....
本句還原後為：Studies of nearly 3,000 people which/that were done by....。
2. ... the most strongly motivated toward achievement.
(1) the most表示最高級，strongly為副詞，修飾之後的形容詞motivated。
(2) toward「朝向」後接受詞achievement。例：
‧We are working hard toward a peaceful
world.
3. a result of表示「為…的結果」，其後接名詞(N)或動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧The championship is a result of our efforts.

此研究和其他的研究也指出，長子女通常會比其弟妹來得保守，因為父母對他們的管教最多。由於他們習慣照顧別人，他們較有可能去從事和領導能力相關的行業，如教學或從政。…
1. Used to caring for others, they are more likely to move ....
(1) be used to意為「習慣於…」，後接V¬ing，原句是由副詞子句省略的分詞構句用法，可還原為：Because they are used to caring for others, they....。
(2) be more likely to + V...意為「較有可能做…」。例：
‧Pete is more likely to disagree on this
proposal.

…然而，他們有缺乏社交和變通能力的傾向，因為他們在年幼時就已經習慣獨自行動。因此，他們較不易結交親密的朋友。
2. ...they tend to be less social and flexible because they became accustomed to acting alone....
(1) tend to...意為「傾向於做…」。例：
‧Teenagers tend to follow the latest fashions.
(2) become/get accustomed to + N/V¬ing表示「習慣於…」。例：
‧The old couple became/got accustomed to
the country life.
‧We become/get accustomed to jogging
before breakfast.
3. have difficulty + (in) V¬ing
這個用法表示「做…有困難」，原本置於difficulty後的介系詞in常被省略，故其後若接動詞，須改為動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧All my classmates had difficulty figuring out
the answer to the math problem.

相較之下，較晚出生的孩子通常都表現得比較輕鬆及好相處，因為他們出生時，他們的父母都是比較輕鬆的。然而，這些較晚出生的孩子通常比較沒有企圖心，也對為別人做決定感到不安。因此，他們通常會選擇適合這種個性的工作，例如：音樂家、藝術家或是作家。
1. by contrast可置於句首或句中，用來表示前後的敘述有強烈的對比。例：
‧Andy is good at math and science. By contrast
, his sister is good at art and music.
2. ...feel uncomfortable + V¬ing...意為「對於做…感到不安」。例：
‧I feel uncomfortable challenging others'
opinions.
3. ... find work that fits this kind of personality ....
(1) find work = get a job，表示「找工作」。
(2) fit = be suitable for，表示「適合」。例：
‧They are trying to think of a slogan that fits the
new product.

較晚出生的孩子通常是好的推銷員，因為說服能力可能是他們對抗長子女勢力的唯一工具。他們像是永遠長不大的「嬰兒」。…
1. Later born children often make ....
在此make表示「具備成為…應有的特質」。例：
‧It is a stereotype that men make better soldiers
and engineers than women.
2. ... the only tool they had to fight against the power of the eldest.
(1) 原句可還原為：...the only tool that they had....，在本句中，關係代名詞that當受詞用，故可省略。
(2) fight against + N為「對抗…」之意。例：
‧The UK fought against Germany in World
War I.


…有他們在周圍是很有樂趣的，但是他們可能會變得過度依賴他人。
3. become overdependent on + N意為「變得過度依賴…」，on之後接名詞作其受詞。例：
‧Since Jessie is the only child in her family,
she becomes overdependent on her parents.


縱然出生順序顯然只是眾多影響人格發展的因素之一，但是其影響力是不容忽視的。另一位心理學家露西爾‧佛勒曾經說過，當人們終於知道他們的出生順序是如何地影響著他們的行為時，他們就不會覺得改變是如此可怕。
1. ...when people could finally understand how their birth order caused them to react , they would not find change so threatening .
(1) how their birth...them to react為疑問詞引導的名詞子句，作understand的受詞。
(2) ...findchangeso threatening.
此為find + O + OC (Adj)的用法，形容詞threatening用來修飾受詞change。例：
‧I found the TV program quite interesting.

了解出生順序有時候可以幫助一段婚姻運作更融洽。不久之前，佛勒博士在幫助一位很強勢以至於婚姻生活出了問題的女士。佛勒博士說一直要到這位女士了解自己的行為傾向，她才開始調整自己的行為。
1. ...a woman who was so dominant that her marriage was in trouble.
so...that...表示「如此…以至於…」。例：
‧My parents are so conservative that they
cannot accept any new ideas.
2. ... not until the woman understood her tendencies could she begin....
原句可還原為：The woman could not begin to modify her behavior until she understood her tendencies.。


麥達‧韋伯斯特，美國康乃迪克州的一位家庭治療師，最近舉辦了一場名為「出生順序因素」的研討會。她提到一對對彼此有諸多抱怨的夫妻，其問題就在於他們兩位都不願意在婚姻中扛起領導者的角色。當被指出很可能是因為他們都是較晚出生孩子的緣故，他們才明白問題所在。
1. Maida Webster, a family therapist in Connecticut, recently held a workshop called ....
(1) a family therapist in Connecticut為Maida Webster的同位語。
(2) a workshop (which was) called...中的which was被省略。
2. ... neither of them was willing to take over....
neither在此為代名詞，neither of them表示「兩者皆不」，後接單數動詞，故用was。例：
‧Neither of the movies is interesting.

「到底有沒有完美的婚姻組合呢？」有人問韋伯斯特女士。她說：「無論是在工作或個人的人際關係上，人與人之間最好的相處模式就是重複孩童時期的模式，也就是說嫁娶出生順序不同的人會比較有利。對比之下，如果夫妻雙方都是同樣的出生順序，將來很可能會有衝突發生。」
1. ...the patterns of childhood, which means [ that it helps to marry someone who was...].
(1) which引導非限定的關係子句，用來補充說明前面people seem to...childhood這句話。例：
‧Linda is an easygoing girl, which means
that she can get along well with others.
(2) that子句在此當動詞means的受詞。
(3) help在此為「促進，有利於」之意。例：
‧I hope the money helps to solve your financial
problem.
2. in contrast表示「對比之下」，用來強調前後敘述間強烈的對比。例：
‧Mark is diligent and kind. In contrast, his
brother, Jason, is lazy and mean.

「有最佳的出生順序嗎？」另一人問道。韋伯斯特女士說沒有並且說每一個排行位置都有其優缺點。然而，她繼續說道：「藉由認清自己的個性傾向，我們可以加強善用自己的正面特質並使負面特質減到最低的機會。」
1. ... that there were advantages and disadvantages to every position.
(1) that前省略重複的said。
(2) advantages and disadvantages表示「優缺點」。以下為表示優缺點的類似用語：good points and bad points、strengths and weaknesses和pluses and minuses。
2. ...she went on to say that by recognizing tendencies...to make the most of positive traits... ones .
(1) go on to + V為「繼續做…」之意。例：
‧After examining my mouth, the doctor went on
to examine my chest.
(2) make the most of sth = get the most out of sth，表示「從…中獲取最大利益，儘量利用…」。例：
‧Susan wants to make the most of her
summer vacation and plans several trips and activities.




















III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題詢問為何長子或長女通常在早期培養出領導的特質，該題的答案在課文第一段，教師可以給學生一些時間將課文摘要後作答。
2. 第二題詢問學生是否同意課文中提到的論點出生順序會影響一個人的性格並且解釋其同意或不同意的原因；本題用意在讓學生分享彼此的看法，可讓學生以分組討論的方式進行。




Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. trait n. [C]特質，特點

‧Some cancers are linked to some personality traits.
2. tendency
(1) n. [C]傾向

‧Parents have to pay more attention to children with suicidal tendencies.
‧As a gifted child, Diane has showed her artistic tendencies at an early age.
(2) n. [C]潮流，趨勢

‧There is a tendency for the new principal to make educational reform.
‧There seems to be a tendency towards globalization in recent years.

tend vi.傾向
‧People tend to feel nervous when they face an
unfamiliar situation.
‧The students in Asian countries tend to pay more
attention to their academic performances.
3. extreme n. [C]極端，極度
‧Extremes meet.　[諺]物極必反。
‧Love and hatred are two extremes of
emotions.
‧Tina is a moody girl; her emotions often go from
one extreme to the other.
‧Sue usually takes/carries everything to extremes.


extreme adj.極端的，極度的
‧Children in some underdeveloped countries are
living in extreme poverty.
‧Be sure to drive with extreme caution.
extremely adv.非常，極其
‧Ryan's ideas on economical reform are
extremely radical.
4. conservative adj.保守的，守舊的
‧My grandmother is quite conservative, and she
thinks women should stay at home instead of
going out to work.
‧Some people are naturally conservative. They do
not accept new ideas easily.
conservative n. [C]保守主義者
‧Terry is a born conservative. He is still opposed
to women going out to work.
5. discipline n. [U]紀律

‧Because of his inexperience, the young teacher can not maintain discipline in his class.
‧The army is famous for the strict discipline.
‧The students in this vocational high school are under good discipline.
discipline vt.管教，處罰
‧The piano teacher is strict about disciplining his
students.
‧The student was disciplined for cheating on the
exam.




‧Try to discipline yourself to do exercise every
day. It's good for your health.
6. politics n. [U]政治(事務)



‧Aaron has gone into politics since he served as
the mayor of the city.
‧A politician plays politics, while a statesman
cares about the people and affairs of his country.
political adj.政治的
‧There are two main political parties in Taiwan.
politician n. [C]政客
‧Larry is an ambitious politician.

7. social
(1) adj.社交的
‧Cooperating with others can help us learn social
skills.
(2) adj.社會的
‧There are many social problems, such as poverty,
unemployment, and housing shortages.
‧Students have to take some courses related to
social science in order to have a better
understanding of their own society.
society n. [C][U]社會

‧It is lucky that we are living in a highly
civilized society.
‧Our society has to support more and more
elderly people in the future
sociable adj.愛交際的
‧Mary is a sociable person, enjoying being with
new friends.
8. flexible adj.可變通的，靈活的
‧We can go to the movies either on Sunday or on
Saturday; the schedule is quite flexible.
‧My parents are flexible about what time I
should go to bed.
flexibility n. [U]靈活性，適應性
‧You have great flexibility in the money and can
decide how to use it.
9. accustomed adj.習慣於…


‧After a while, my eyes were gradually accustomed to the dark.
‧They get accustomed to taking a walk after dinner.
‧I become accustomed to sleeping late on the weekends.
11. ambitious adj.野心勃勃的，有雄心的
‧Jane is ambitious for success in her painting
career.
‧The politician is ambitious to get control of that
party.
ambition n. [U]野心，抱負

‧Bruce will pay any cost to realize his ambition.
12. factor n. [C]因素，要素
‧These are all the factors which have to be taken
into consideration if we want to succeed.

‧Time and money are the most important
factors in the matter.
‧Luck and opportunity are the major factors in
Steve's success.
13. ignore vt.忽視，忽略
‧Mike ignored my advice and failed to get into
the college.
‧I said hello to Danna, but she completely
ignored me.
ignorance n. [U]無知

‧George's comments showed his ignorance of the situation.
‧In old times, men intended to keep women in
ignorance of everything.
‧All Helen's friends are in complete ignorance
of her wedding.
ignorant adj.無知的
‧Joseph is ignorant of art and music.
‧I'm entirely ignorant about what happened these
days.
14. dominant adj.支配的，佔優勢的
‧The United States is one of the dominant
countries in the world.
dominate vt.支配，控制
‧Tom's desire for money totally dominates his
behavior.
‧The gangsters seem to dominate the teenagers of
this community.
‧Jason's dishonest behavior was dominated by his
greed.
domination n. [U]控制，統治
‧The country is under the president's domination.

15. modify vt.修正，修改
‧The product has to be slightly modified to meet
the needs of most customers.
modification n. [C][U]修正，修改

‧Some important modifications have to be
made to the plan.
‧The burglary last month resulted in the
modification of the security camera in the store.
16. workshop n. [C]研討會





‧The Chinese teacher runs a short¬story writing
workshop.

‧The workshop was held to help people better
understand how their birth order affected their
characters.
17. couple
(1) n. [C]夫妻；情侶
‧A newly married couple has bought the
apartment.
(2) n. [C] (sing.)一(對)，一(雙)



‧The visitors will stay in Taiwan for a couple of
days.
18. combination n. [C][U]結合，組合
‧The play is a combination of dance and music.
‧The combination of black and white makes gray.


‧Remember not to take the medicine in
combination with grapefruit juice.
combine vt.結合，組合
‧Fox combined his thoughts with the information
he collected to work on his paper.
19. position
(1) n. [C]位置
‧The office is in a central position near the Taipei
Railway Station.
(2) n. [C]姿勢
‧I changed my position so that I wouldn't feel
uncomfortable.
(3) n. [C]職位，工作
‧Many freshmen hope to apply for a position in a
well¬organized company.
20. advantage n. [C][U]優勢，優點




‧It will be to your advantage to book hotels
before you take a trip to Paris.
‧Your advice is of great advantage to me.
‧Our baseball team finally got an advantage over
other teams.
‧Many young people today have the advantage of
computer skills.
‧We can take advantage of the holiday to clean
up the house.
advantageous adj.有利的

‧Philip's social skills will be advantageous to
his business.
disadvantage n. [C]劣勢，缺點
‧It is a disadvantage for Lucy to be unable to use
the computer.



‧The lack of related background information
will be to your disadvantage.
‧Today anyone who can't speak English is at a
disadvantage.
21. minimize vt.使減到最小(量或程度)
‧The doctors and nurses made every effort to
minimize casualties in the air crash.
minimum n. [C] (sing.)最小量
‧The company can produce high quality products
with a minimum of costs.
22. negative
(1) adj.負面的；消極的
‧Jack's attitude toward his work was very
negative, so he was fired.
(2) adj.有害的
‧Drinking has a negative effect on people's health.

II. Words for Recognition
1. psychologist n. [C]心理學家
‧Psychologists do many experiments in order to
explain human behavior.
psychology n. [U]心理學
‧Lily's major in college is social psychology.
2. sibling n. [C]兄弟或姐妹
‧Sibling rivalry always causes parents' concern.
3. bossy adj.愛發號施令的，專橫的
‧Andy yelled at everyone in his bossy voice.
4. Brandeis University n. (美國) 布蘭迪斯大學
布蘭迪斯大學為位於美國麻薩諸塞州波士頓近郊的一所私立高等學校，該大學建立於1948年，為美國第一間由猶太人主辦的大學。該校雖成立只有數十年，卻在美國教育界頗具地位，被譽為「全美最年輕的主要研究院大學」，為一所自然科學和人文社會科學並重的學校。
5. firstborn adj. (子女)最年長的，頭胎的
firstbornn. [C] (sing.)長子，長女
‧Firstborn children are often expected to take
the responsibility of taking care of their
younger siblings.
7. Connecticut n. (美國) 康乃迪克州
康乃狄克州位於美國東北部，為最早的十三州之一；哈特福為其首府兼第二大人口集中區，以保險業著稱，逾50家保險公司總部設於該州，且其中多數集中在哈特福，為全美最富裕的都會區之一。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. by contrast (= in contrast)相較之下，對比之下
‧Danny is very polite, but, by contrast, his sister
is quite rude.


‧Amelia, in contrast to the other girls, is well¬
behaved.
‧Meg's red dress is a sharp contrast to her black
shoes.
2. in trouble　在困境中
‧When you are in trouble, don't hesitate to tell me.



‧The train ran into trouble soon after it left the
train station.
‧Addicted to drugs, Peter finally got into trouble.
3. take over　接管
‧The young man has taken over the company
since his father retired last year.
此外，take (sth) over from sb表示「為某人頂替(某事)」。例：
‧Could you take over from me for a moment?
4. get along
(1) 和睦相處
‧Rita gets along with her coworkers rather well.
(2) 進展
‧How are you getting along with your new job?

Grammar in Use

1. whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
此句型為複合關係代名詞whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever引導名詞子句的用法。複合關係代名詞由關係代名詞(who、whom、whose、which、what等)字尾加上¬ever所形成，兼具先行詞與關係代名詞的作用，可以用來引導名詞子句。請見下表：
主格 所有格 受格
whoever whosever whomever
whichever × whichever
whatever × whatever
在子句中，這些複合關係代名詞可以作主詞、受詞或用來修飾其後的名詞。例：
‧I will take whoever (= anyone who) wants to
go to the market.　(在子句中作主詞)
‧Whoever (= Anyone who) breaks the law
should be punished.　(在子句中作主詞)
‧Give the letter to whosever (= anyone whose)
name is on it.　(在子句中修飾名詞name)
‧Give the flowers to whomever (= anyone
whom) you like.　(在子句中作like的受詞)
‧There are two cups on the table. You can take
whichever (= either one of them that) you like.　(在子句中作like的受詞)
‧I will do whatever (= anything that) you want
me to do.　(在子句中作do的受詞)
其中，whichever和whatever還可作形容詞，可以修飾子句中的名詞。例：
‧You may take whichever book will interest you.
‧I like whatever food my mom cooks.






＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型填入適當的複合關係代名詞以完成
句子。
1. ________ visits our city is welcome.
2. The traveler has to buy ________ is needed for
the trip.
3. Here are some magazines. You can take
________ you like.
4.The poor man is thankful to ________ has
given him a hand.
5.I'll give the present to ________ I like.

B.根據句型改寫下列句子。
1.Anyone who tells a lie is a liar.
→
2.You may invite anyone whom you like to your
birthday party.
→
3.Please send the invitation to anyone whose name is on the list.
→
4.There are two cakes here; you can take any one of them that you like.
→
5.You can use anything that you find in the room.
→

參考解答
A.
1. Whoever 2. whatever 3. whichever
4. whoever 5. whomever

B.
1.Whoever tells a lie is a liar.
2.You may invite whomever you like to your
birthday party.
3.Please send the invitation to whosever name is
on the list.
4.There are two cakes here; you can take
whichever you like.
5.You can use whatever you find in the room.

.




補充資料

太魯閣族長子護族，幼子繼承
花蓮縣萬榮鄉除了馬遠村為布農族之外，其他的全都是泰雅族部落，全鄉的泰雅族人約有五千六百多人。以往的泰雅族，嚴格執行一夫一妻制，並且認定這種婚姻制度是最好的，他們將多夫或多妻視為可恥的行為，並且認為透過結婚可以傳宗接代，亦能生男育女以防老。
若被族人立為家族保護人的長子或長女，便身負二項任務：其中一項為負責供養父母親，另一則為保護年幼的弟妹。不過因該族施行核心家庭的制度，子女婚後即與父母分居，父母留幼子與其同住，因此有了幼子繼承家屋的習俗，由於長子要保護家族，幼子要留與父母同住，故長幼子皆必須結婚，家中若無男子，長女即為家族保護人，亦即須行招贅婚。

參考資料：
http://www.ttcsec.gov.tw/netscape/index.php
(花東地區社會教育資源服務網)










2. Not until + S1 + V1... + Aux/be + S2 + V2....
此句型主要是練習not until放在句首的強調法，此時主要子句得用倒裝語序。在改寫的過程中，教師可以運用畫底線的方式幫助學生理解。例：
‧The little girl didn't stop crying until her mother
returned.
→ Not until her mother returned did the little
girl stop crying.
‧I couldn't understand the rules until May
explained them to me.
→Not until May explained the rules to me could
I understand them.
‧You can't go out to play until you finish your
homework.
→Not until you finish your homework can you
go out to play.

句型分析
教師可視上課時數以及學生程度斟酌補充下列用法。上述句型也可以改為：
It + is/was + not until... + that S1 + V1....
‧It was not until her mother returned that the
little girl stopped crying.
‧ It was not until May explained the rules to me that I understood them.
‧It is not until you finish your homework that
you can go out to play.



















＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型改寫下列句子。
1. People do not know the meaning of freedom
until they lose it.
→
2. The thief didn't tell the truth until the judge
questioned him.
→
3. Tim could not figure out the math problem until
his classmate helped him.
→
4. The baby did not stop crying until he was
comforted.
→
5.Some teenagers can not stop playing online
games until their parents get mad.
→

A.
1. Not until people lose freedom do they know
the meaning of it.
2. Not until the judge questioned the thief did he
tell the truth.
3. Not until Tim's classmate helped him could
he figure out the math problem.
4. Not until the baby was comforted did he stop
crying.
5. Not until their parents get mad can some
teenagers stop playing online games.







B. 根據句型和提示字回答下列問題。第一句以
直述句回答，第二句以倒裝句回答。
1. When did you know the importance of English?
(until I had to use it)
→
→
2. When do people know the value of money?
(until they are in debt)
→
→
3. When could Anna spell the word?
(until her classmate helped her)
→
→
4.When did the drunken driver stop his car?
(until he was stopped by a police officer)
→
→
5.When did the boy behave himself? (until he was
punished by his parents)
→
→


B.
1-1. I didn’t know the importance of English until
I had to use it.
1-2. Not until I had to use English did I know the
importance of it.
2-1. People don’t know the value of money until
they are in debt.
2-2. Not until people are in debt do they know the
value of money.
3-1. Anna couldn’t spell the word until her
classmate helped her.
3-2. Not until Anna's classmate helped her could
she spell the word.
4-1. The drunken driver didn't stop his car until
he was stopped by a police officer.
4-2. Not until the drunken driver was stopped by
a police officer did he stop his car.
5-1. The boy didn’t behave himself until he was
punished by his parents.
5-2. Not until the boy was punished by his
parents did he behave himself.



English Workshop
Birth Order and Personality
本活動目的在使學生了解不同出生順序在英文中的說法，同時也提供一些個性特徵的用語讓學生可以練習向他人介紹自己的排行及個性特徵。以下補充一些和出生順序相關的個性特徵：
◎ The Only Child
‧Is pampered and spoiled.
‧Feels incompetent because adults are more
capable.
‧Is center of attention.
‧Is self-centered.
‧Relies on service from others rather than
his/her own efforts.
‧Feels unfairly treated when he or she doesn't
get his/her own way.
‧May refuse to cooperate.

◎ The First Child
‧Is only child for a period of time; used to be
center of attention.
‧Gains and holds superiority over other
children.
‧May respond to the birth of second child by
feeling unloved and neglected.
‧Strives to keep or regain parents' attention
through conformity. If this fails, he/she
chooses to misbehave.
‧May develop competent, responsible behavior
or become very discouraged.
‧Sometimes strives to protect and help others.

◎ The Middle Child of Three
‧Has neither rights of the oldest nor privileges
of the youngest.
‧Feels life is unfair.
‧Feels unloved, left out, “squeezed.”
‧Feels that he/she doesn't have a place in
family.
‧Becomes discouraged and "problem child" or
elevates self by pushing down other siblings.
‧Is adaptable.
‧Learns to deal with both the oldest and
youngest sibling.


◎ The Youngest Child
‧Behaves like only child.
‧Feels every one bigger and more capable.
‧Expects others to do things, make decisions,
take responsibility.
‧Feels smallest and weakest.
‧May not be taken seriously
‧Becomes boss of family in getting service and
his/her own way.
‧Develops feelings of inferiority or becomes
“speeder” and overtakes older siblings.
‧Remains "the baby." Places others in service.
‧If the youngest of three, often allies with the
oldest child against middle child.
以上資料摘錄自：
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/
birth_order.htm












Conversation
兩個學生正在討論他們對出生排行的偏好。
(R =羅傑，N =妮娜)
R: 當老大或是當老么，你比較喜歡哪一個？
N: 我寧願當老么。我的小妹很幸運，因為她
比較受到我父母的注意。
R: 我是我們家最小的，但是我比較喜歡當最
大的。我的大哥被允許可以做更多的事。
舉例來說，他可以晚回家。
N: 身為最大的孩子，如果我做錯事，我會馬
上被處罰。但是我的妹妹通常可以逃過責
罰。
R: 嗯，我認為當老大的另一個好處是，他們
被允許自己處理事情。舉例來說，我的父
母常常要我在他們面前做功課。我的大哥
就可以在他的房間裡做功課。
N: 我還是寧願當最小的。身為老大，我是第
一個要考重要考試的人。甚至在我唸完國
中之前，我的父母已經在討論我的大學和
工作計畫了。
R: 但是，弟妹總是要追隨兄姐的腳步。如果
我的大哥通過某一項考試，我覺得我也必
須達成同樣的目標。
1. I’d rather be the youngest.
would rather + V　寧願…
‧Elva would rather stay at home than go out
today.
→ Elva prefers to stay at home rather than go
out today.
2. ...I’d prefer to be the eldest.
prefer to...　偏好…
‧Eric prefers to study and listen to music at the
same time.
3. My elder brother is allowed to do more things.
be allowed to...為「被允許…」之意。例：
‧I am allowed to go abroad this summer
vacation.
4. stay out是指「在外逗留」，而stay out late
則是「晚歸」。例：
‧My mother is worried whenever my brother
stays out late.
5. ...usually avoid being punished.
avoid + V-ing...　避免…
‧We should avoid going out at midnight.
6. ...has to follow the elder one.
follow在此為「仿效」之意。


follow sb into sth　仿效某人從事某項工作
follow in sb’s footsteps　追隨某人的腳步

‧Sue followed her mother into a teaching career.
‧Mr. Jackson is a businessman and hopes his son
to follow in his footsteps.




N: 事實上，在我經歷所有的辛苦奮鬥之後，
我還被期待要幫我妹妹通過她的考試。這
很不公平。
R: 你的妹妹真幸運。我的大哥總是說他沒有
空幫我任何事。
7. ...I feel I have to achieve the same thing.
achieve + N　達成…
‧Simon finally achieved his goal of becoming
an astronaut.
8. It’s not fair.
意為「這並不公平」，用於抱怨某人有差別待遇，對待其他人比對待說話者更好。
9. ...he doesn't have time to help me with
anything.
help sb with sth　幫某人(做)…
‧I always help my parents with the housework.

Listening Practice
本單元是讓學生練習全民英檢聽力的「問答」題型，題目內容與答案均與本課字彙、片語或句型相關，請督促學生用心練習。
[聽力腳本]
1. What would you rather do tonight, go to the
movies or watch a basketball game on TV?
2. I’d prefer to be an ordinary employee rather
than a boss. How about you?
3. Would you like to eat Indian or Chinese food
tonight?
4. Would you prefer to live in the city or the
country?
5. Do you really think it's better to have siblings?

☆ 課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1.thanks to + N為「幸虧，由於」之意；
improper adj.不適當的
2. extremes of wealth and poverty表示「貧富懸
殊」。
4. a flexible schedule表示「有彈性的課程或行
事曆」；關係代名詞which在此引導非限定
的關係子句修飾前面整個句子(A
flexible...essential)。
6. go on a diet = be on a diet，表示「節食」。
8. compared with...表示「與…比較」。
9. have a negative influence on + N為「對…有負
面的影響」之意。

III. Cloze Test
1. 這裡缺一個表示人的複合關係代名詞作主詞
的用法，故用whoever。
2. because銜接後面子句，表示「原因」。
3. in addition補充說明最年長孩子的其他個性特
質。
5. 因為接下來要敘述後出生孩子的個性特質，
以顯示與最年長孩子間的差異，故用by
contrast。
6. therefore在此表示推論結果，敘述適合後出
生孩子個性特質的工作。

☆ 其他相關參考資料
相關網站
1.http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/article.php?id=28985 (商業周刊排行教養學)
2.http://brain0043.myweb.hinet.net/heart/069.htm
(家中排行看個性)