英文第三冊第七課課文解說

7 Listen to Me
請聽我說

☆教學目標

1. 透過父子之間的真情對話，讓學生以不同的角色觀點，思索兩代之間價值觀的差異及父母對孩子的期待。
2. 學會並活用本課單字、片語和形容詞/副詞原級表示法：...as + Adj/Adv + as...與no matter what/where/when/who/how的句型。
3. 藉由閱讀課文及課堂活動，讓學生學習用英文表達歉意(making an apology)、接受他人道歉(accepting one's apology)及寫道歉信(a letter of apology)的用語。

☆本課導讀
兩代之間總是埋藏著許多衝突的情感，一方面，切身髮膚的血緣關係是割捨不開的連繫；另一方面，成長中慘綠少年的難以理解和少不更事，更是代溝產生的癥結所在。
課文以一個兒子留給父親的字條開始，引出一個做父親對一日之間的親子關係縮影作出省思，進而化為一篇發人深省的真情告白。
課堂上，教師可以讓學生充分討論現今流行的脈動以及自身和上一代之間的溝通難處所在，進而引導學生培養正確的價值觀和較為有效且溫和的溝通技巧，讓兩代之間的互動更為融洽，讓家庭生活更美滿。






Warm-up
本課課前活動列出四張現今青少年追求的流行事物圖片來進行活動。第一題教師先請學生依自己所認同的流行時尚進行勾選。藉由穿舌環、刺青、角色扮演、奇特(龐克)髮型的例子，探究學生的反應，進一步詢問他們有沒有什麼他們所奉為「上道」且夠「酷、炫」的流行文化，是這四張圖片所沒有列出的，並加以分組討論。
第二題則再請學生們仔細做一反向思考後，參與課堂討論。教師可適時地讓學生明白，在青少年追求自我、崇拜流行的成長過程中，是否曾思考自己的行為有無顧及到家人，尤其是長輩們的感想。從這激發學生自省的過程中，讓學生對於自己在為人子女的角色上，有反向的思考和反省，希望對親子相處有正面、良性的助益。





















Reading
親愛的父親：

我並不是你所想像的那麼壞。我不是故意做一些事情要惹你生氣。我身上的穿洞只不過是最新的潮流，而玩線上遊戲是我放鬆的方法。所以，請不要生我的氣。

愛你的凱文
1. I am not as bad as you think.
句型分析
...as + Adj/Adv + as...
這是形容詞原級的句型，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
2. ...make you mad.
make you mad可以用drive you mad/crazy代換，表示「將…逼瘋」之意。
‧The noise from next door really made me mad.
句型分析
make + O + OC (Adj/N)
此處的make 後面接受詞時，需有受詞補語對受詞作修飾補充，表示「使…成為…」之意，詳細用法請參見第二冊第四課句型解析一。例：
‧Sam's excellent cooking skills make him a good cook.
3. My body piercing is just the latest fashion, and
主要子句一
playing online games is my way to relax.
主要子句二
(1) 這兩個不同主詞的主要子句，以連接詞and 連接。
(2) latest adj. 最新的，最近的(僅用於名詞前)
‧This is the latest album of my favorite pop singer.
(3) 主要子句二的主詞為playing online games，因其是動名詞當主詞，故後面用單數動詞is；而其中to relax 當形容詞用，修飾my way。
4. So, please don't be so angry with me.
字詞搭配
be angry at/with sb　生某人的氣
be angry at/about/over sth　對某事物感到生氣
‧My sister was angry with me because I didn't remember her birthday.
‧My dear, what are you angry about?

兒子，當我在和你說話的時候，你躺在床上已經睡著了。幾分鐘前，當我在讀你的字條時，我突然間領悟了某件事。所以我悄悄地到你的臥房，回想今天所發生的點點滴滴。
1. ...you lie in bed asleep.
字詞搭配
lie asleep　躺著入睡
lie awake　躺著睡不著
lie still　躺著不動
2. A few minutes ago....
「一段時間 + ago」表示「以現在為基準多久之前」，常用於過去式，不可用在完成式。例：
‧Mark's puppy died five years ago.
3. ...and thought about [what had happened today].
(1) about的受詞為what引導的名詞子句。
(2) had happened 為過去完成式，表示動作發生在thought about之前。

兒子，今天早上我們共進早餐時，我注意到你口齒不清的樣子。我就強迫你張開嘴巴，竟然看到你在舌頭上穿環。…
1. ...I noticed [you weren't speaking clearly].
notice後接以that引導的名詞子句，that可以省略。



…我對你大聲吼叫，但是這是因為我關心你才會這麼生氣的。我擔心你可能會因為穿環而染上疾病。比如說，你去穿洞的地方不乾淨或技術不夠專業。
2. I forced you to open your mouth and saw that your tongue was pierced.
→ I made you open your mouth and saw your tongue pierced.
force vt. 強迫，逼迫
‧To lose some weight, I force myself to take exercise every day.
3. I shouted at you, but I got so angry only because I care about you.
(1) shout at 表示「對著…吼叫」。例：
‧The couple had a fight and kept shouting at each other.
(2) care about「在乎，關心」在此用簡單現在式表示事實狀況。
4. I worried that you might have caught a disease from this piercing.
(1) I worried....→ I was worried....
(2) "might + have Vpp"用以表示某事過去可能發生，但實際上並未發生的事。
‧That was a bad place to go skiing. You might have broken your leg.
5. Maybe, for example, the place where you got pierced was not clean or professional.
(1) maybe = perhaps = possibly　adv. 也許
(後接所修飾的句子)
‧Maybe you should try it one more time.
(2) ...the place where...
where為關係副詞，相當於「介系詞(in, on, at, by...) + 關係代名詞(which)」，詳細用法請參考第二冊第三課句型解析二。
(3) get pierced 為連綴動詞get後接過去分詞的用法，表示「被穿洞」之意，類似用法有：get lost, get killed或get caught等。
之後，今天下午，你放學回來就開始玩線上遊戲了。你花了許多時間就只是坐在電腦前，眼睛盯著螢幕看。因此，我要你去做功課。兒子，看起來好像是我試圖要破壞你的興致，然而，我之所以會如此做，都是因為我關心你。你應該少打電玩，而多花時間讀書和做運動。這兩件事對你的健康和前途才是有益處的。
1. ...when you got back from school, you started to play....
(1) get back 相當於return。例：
‧"What time did you get back from work last night?" my father asked.
(2) started to play→started playing
start後可加to V或V-ing，表示「開始做…」。
2. You spent a lot of time sitting alone and staring at the computer.
spend 的主詞須為人，後可接時間或金錢，再接V-ing。例：
‧Robert usually spends his holidays playing basketball.
3. So, I made you do some schoolwork instead.
(1) 此為"make + O + V"的使役動詞句型。
(2) instead adv. 作為替代
‧Paul didn't go to the movie last night; he played baseball with his friends instead.
4. It might seem that I was trying to spoil your fun.
→ I seemed to be trying to spoil your fun.
5. You should spend less time...and more time....
less 與 more 為相反詞，在此用在同一句以突顯其對比性。
6. Both are much better for your health and for your future.
(1) 代名詞both 在此指上一句的studying和playing sports 這兩件事，可單獨使用，或以both of 的形式出現。例：
‧Both of them have brown hair.
(2) much 用來修飾比較級，其他可用於修飾比較級的還有a lot, a little, far, a bit等。
之後，今天晚上，當我正在看書時，你靜悄悄地進到我的房間。當你在門口駐足時，我不耐煩地抬頭看了你一眼。你安靜地像隻老鼠。「你要幹什麼？」我對你問道。不發一語，你走到我桌前，給了我一張字條。然後，你就一溜煙地跑上樓去睡覺。
1. ...while I was reading a book.
while 通常引導進行式的子句，表「正在做…」。例：
‧I was playing video games while my father was sleeping.

字詞辨義
as, while, when皆為表「時間」的從屬連接詞，表「當…的時候」，as表示的時間涵義介於when和while之間。依句意，時間較長者，as相當於while；時間較短者，as相當於when。when和as一樣，可以表「一點/一段時間」；而while只可表「一段時間」。例：
‧My mom sang as/when she was washing the clothes.
‧As /While we were waiting for the bus, it began to rain heavily.
‧As /When she got the bad news, she cried.
(不可用while)
‧Be quiet while/when I am talking to you.
(when也可表「一段時間」)
但三者之中，只有as可用於連接兩個逐漸發展或演變的動作或狀態。例：
‧As time passed by, our hope sank.
2. You were as quiet as a mouse.
關於as + Adj + as 的原級比較用法，詳見本課句型解析一。通常在as...as 的結構中，第一個as 可以省略。
3. without a word為「不發一語」之意。
當我讀這張字條時，一陣悔意的波瀾襲上我心。突然間，我發現我對待你的方式竟是如此糟糕。我期待你表現得和我一樣好。但是，之後我開始回想我自己的青少年時期。我記得我也是做一些趕流行的事情，而我的父親並不喜歡我那樣。事實上，讀完這張字條之後，我了解到我們兩人是多麼相像啊。這是今晚對我來說唯一要緊的事，兒子。當你入睡時，我已經來到你身邊，為的是說一聲抱歉。
1. hit在此表示「突然意識到」。例：
‧A wave of guilt hit me after I lied to my parents.
2. I suddenly saw [how poorly I had treated you].
(1) how...you為how 引導的名詞子句，作saw的受詞。
(2) 過去完成式had treated 表示動作發生在saw之前。
3. ...behave as well as I.
well是good的副詞，修飾behave，關於as + Adv + as的用法，詳見本課句型解析一。
4. teenage years可代換為in one's teens，指「青少年時期」。
5. I remembered that I had also followed the
latest fashions, and my father hadn't liked them.
(1) 過去完成式had followed 和hadn't liked表示動作發生在remembered之前。
(2) follow (a) fashion表示「跟隨潮流」。
6. In fact, after reading the note, I realized [how similar we really are].
(1) in fact = as a matter of fact　事實上
(2) ...after reading the note...
→ ...after I read the note...
(3) ...realized how similar...
此為疑問詞how引導的名詞子句作為realized的受詞。
7. This is the only thing that matters to me....
(1) 因先行詞中有the only，故在此關係代名詞必須用that，不可用which代換。
(2) matter vi. (對某人而言)重要
‧It doesn't matter to me whether Mike likes me or not.
我明白這樣做並不夠，但是我不認為如果我親自向你解釋這些事情，你就會了解。明天，我要做一個稱職的爸爸，來彌補這一切。即使我們爭吵，我要你永遠記住一件事：兒子，不論你做什麼，我將永遠愛你。
1. this是指上一句父親道歉一事。
2. ...I don't think [you would understand if I tried to explain it to you in person].
(1) 這是由that引導的名詞子句you would understand...作think的受詞，that可以省略。
(2) ...you would understand if I tried to....
句型分析
If + S1 + V1-ed, S2 + would + V2....
這是與現在事實相反的假設語氣，表示敘述內容於現在未發生，詳細用法請參見第三冊第二課句型解析二。
(3) explain sth to sb　向某人解釋某事
‧Don't be mad! I'll explain everything that had happened to you.
(4) in person　親自，直接地
‧You should go and discuss the problem with your teacher in person.
3. by 表示「藉著…(方法)」。例：
‧He makes a living by selling books and magazines.
4. even if (= even though)，比if 語氣更強烈，為表示「讓步」的從屬連接詞，為「即使，縱然」之意。
5. No matter what you do....
no matter what為表示讓步的從屬連接詞，為「無論…」之意，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析二。

Cultural Note 資料增補
「洞」見人心──Body Piercing
Body piercing指的是為了戴珠寶等裝飾物而在人體打洞，屬於身體修飾的一部分。piercing一字則是指上述的穿環行為，或是指身體上為穿環所穿的洞孔。有些人穿環是為了宗教或文化因素而穿，有些人則是為了精神上、裝飾性、或是與性有關的緣故而穿。
人類在體表打洞的歷史由來已久──在考古研究的奧地利冰河的冰人木乃伊身上，已發現穿有7到11公釐直徑的耳環；記載人類先祖們生活實錄的《聖經》舊約創世記這卷書中，也有穿鼻環的記錄(創世記24:22)；古埃及的法老就有在肚臍打洞的儀式；阿茲提克和馬雅人也流行舌環；印度自十六世紀起，就大吹鼻環風潮；在十九世紀中葉直至二十世紀初的西方，乳頭穿環已發展成為一習以為常的事。這些都證明穿環早在不同地域、不同時期的人類歷史中出現且流傳下來。
以穿耳洞(ear piercing)這個較普遍為現代大眾所接受實行的人體裝飾而言，其存在年代也是斑斑可考(《聖經》出埃及記和申命記中有記載──一是摩西之兄長亞倫下令猶太民眾捐出金耳環來鑄造金牛犢一事；另一個是耶和華規定，耳朵穿洞可以作為奴僕的記號)。它一直留傳到了二十世紀的西方。以美國為例，特別是在20到60年代這一段期間，穿耳洞主要受到美國婦女的青睞，最後被嬉皮(hippie)的男性以及男同性戀(gay)社群所採用，後來又被龐克族(punk)吸收。今日，不論男女，單雙耳穿洞都是見怪不怪了。
反觀國內的情形，隨著部分藝人及哈日族的風潮，一些青少年也跟著流行打洞風。然而，因為打洞風引起的併發症相關案例也因此大增。
不論是單純的傳統耳垂打洞，或是現代耍酷愛炫的打洞方式，基本上可能產生的問題都一樣，包括：傷口發炎腫脹、傳染疾病(如：愛滋病、肝炎)、對金屬掛環過敏、疤痕肥厚或蟹足腫等。但是由於穿洞的部位改變了，組織反應的狀況也不同。以往在耳垂上穿耳洞問題較少，但現在的打洞方式相較起來變得多樣化，包括：在耳朵軟骨處、舌頭、肚臍、乳頭、鼻側或下體打洞，所衍生的問題也較多。例如，不像耳垂穿洞只是在耳垂肉上打個洞，高位置的耳洞會穿過軟骨的區域，由於軟骨的血液循環較少，對細菌的扺抗力也較弱，風險自然會比較大。
根據1998年明尼蘇達大學一篇醫學研究報告指出，穿高位耳洞傷口發炎的機率為30%，且一旦細菌感染波及軟骨導致急性軟骨炎(一般在打洞後三至四星期發生)，發炎紅腫或軟骨壞死的範圍就會迅速擴大，容易造成耳朵嚴重變形。因此，耳洞打在耳朵較高處要相當小心。此外，值得注意的是，舌頭穿洞時，由於神經血管密佈，疼痛及腫脹自然相當明顯，極可能妨礙到語言、咀嚼及吞嚥功能，口腔衛生若不注意，細菌感染的機率也很大。
由於在體表上打洞引發的諸多醫療問題，愈來愈多歐美學者呼籲應廣為宣導穿洞時的注意事項及強調術後照顧的重要，甚至有的主張立法規範，只有特定的人員才能施行體表打洞。這樣的話，對於那些洞洞族無形中就多了一些保障。
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題教師可以請同學們討論後，鼓勵他們盡可能以完整英語句子來回答。
2. 第二題用意在於讓學生思考自己的生活經驗，若有類似的情形是如何解決的，若沒有者，試想一下他們遇到時會如何面對因應。

參考解答
1. The father wants his son to know that he really feels sorry for the way he treated him. The reason he did those things is because he cares about his son. And if possible, he would like to make up for it by being a more considerate father. Above all, no matter what
his son does, he will always love him.
2. (1) I would stay calm, and I wouldn't say anything even if I had done something wrong.
(2) I would fight for my own rights/freedom, no matter what my parents might say. This is my own life and I am the boss.
(3)I would apologize for my wrongdoing. I think my parents would understand and forgive me.

I. Words for Production
1. purpose n. [C] 目的；用途
字詞搭配
for/with the purpose of V-ing　為了…
serve the purpose of　達到某個作用
on purpose　故意地(相反詞：by accident)
‧Sue worked out for/with the purpose of losing weight.
‧These comic books serve the purpose of keeping the children occupied during the treatment.
‧I can't believe that some people would hurt those cute kittens on purpose.
2. fashion
(1) n. [C] 流行的東西(或樣式)；流行服飾
‧Mr. Anderson is looking for men's fashions in the department store.
‧Baggy clothes used to be men's fashion.
(2) n. [U] 流行，時尚
字詞搭配
be in fashion　正流行
be/go out of fashion　不流行
come into fashion　又流行起來
follow (a) fashion　趕時髦
‧Don't throw your old clothes away so early. They may be in fashion again someday.
‧If you wear this hat now, you are totally out of fashion.
‧Long skirts have come into fashion these days.
‧Don't try to follow fashion all the time. Save your time and money for your studies.
fashionable adj. 流行的，時髦的
‧It is fashionable to travel with your pets now.
4. asleep adj. 睡著的(不用在名詞前)
字詞搭配
fall asleep　入睡
fast/sound asleep　睡得很熟
‧It is dangerous to fall asleep when you drive.
5. tongue
(1) n. [C] 舌頭
‧You'll bite your tongue if you continue to talk while eating.
(2) n. [C] 語言，口語
字詞搭配
sharp tongue　尖酸刻薄的話
slip of the tongue　說錯話，失言
mother/native tongue　母語
tongue twister　繞口令
‧A slip of the tongue can sometimes make you lose face in public.
‧What's your mother tongue (= native language)?
6. disease n. [C][U] 疾病

字詞搭配
suffer from a disease　患某種疾病
catch a disease　感染某種疾病
‧Marian has suffered from a rare heart disease for many years.
‧Matthew caught the disease from one of his friends.

字詞搭配
disease 指的是「特定且有名稱的疾病」，而illness 則是指「一般性、不健康的狀態」。例：
‧A serious illness prevented Jason from attending classes for a month.
7. stare vi. 凝視，盯著看(強調因恐懼或好奇而睜大眼睛看)
‧The babysitter stared in disapproval at those noisy kids.
字詞辨義
其他常見表「看(到)」的字尚有：
see指「不經意看(到)」，例：
‧I looked out of the window but saw nobody.
look 指「有意識地看」，例：
‧If you look carefully, you will see tiny spots on the wall.
watch指「注意、觀察運動/變化的物體」，例：watch TV/a football game。
10. wave
(1) n. [C] (情緒的)高漲，波動
‧A wave of anger hit me when I found my MP3 player was stolen.
(2) n. [C] 海浪，波浪
‧The wave ran so high that we couldn't see the boat easily from here.
(3) n. [C] (頭髮的)鬈曲
‧Julia's hair has a fashionable wave that makes her a charming girl.
(4) vi. 搖晃
‧The branches of the apple tree are waving in the wind.
(5) vt. (向人)揮手(示意)；揮手以示方向
‧We waved a greeting to our teacher.
‧The policeman standing on the street waved us through.
11. regret
(1) n. [U][C] 懊悔，悔恨
字詞搭配
much to one's regret　令某人非常遺憾…
have no regrets　不後悔
‧Much to my regret, I cannot attend your wedding ceremony next Sunday.
‧I have no regrets about quitting this well-paid job.
(2) vt. 懊悔，悔恨
‧I regret telling Judy the secret about my family.
‧We regret to inform you that your application was not accepted by our school.
‧Peter, I regret to say that you are fired.
regretful adj. 懊悔的，遺憾的
‧I feel regretful that I didn't grab the chance of studying abroad.
12. expect
(1) vt. 期望，要求
‧Some parents expect too much of their children.
‧Don't expect others to help you all the time. Do it yourself.
(2) vt. 預料，預期
‧Your performance is better than I expected.
‧ We are expecting it to snow in this area. (expect用進行式，表示「認為某件事將會發生」的預期)

字詞辨義
其他表「預期，期望」的字尚有：
hope指「期望的事很有可能實現」。例：
‧I hope I will become a writer in the future.
wish則是指「不太可能實現的事」，後面通常接假設語氣。例：
‧I wish I were an eagle flying in the sky.
expectation n. [C][U] 期望；預料
‧There is little expectation of a good harvest this year.

字詞搭配
in expectation of　預料
against/contrary to (all) expectations　
出乎意料
live /come up to one's expectations
達到某人的期望
‧We took an umbrella with us in expectation of rain today.

‧Against all expectations, Jerry won first prize in the speech contest.
‧It's hard to live up to my parents' expectations.
13. behave
(1) vi. 行為，舉止
‧Ann behaved so well that the teacher praised
her in front of the class.
字詞搭配
behave as if/though + S + V...
表現得彷彿…(後接假設語氣)
‧My cousin always behaves as if he knew everything. Actually, he doesn't.

字詞辨義
behave和act兩者都有「行為」之意，但behave著重在「道德或禮貌上的行為舉止」，而act強調「短暫的、個別的或比較具體的行為」。例：
‧The boy behaved in a very polite way.
‧The soldier acted bravely during the battle.
(2) vt. 守規矩

字詞搭配
behave oneself　注意…自己的言行
‧Boys, behave yourselves in public or you will be punished.
behavior n. [U] 行為，舉止
‧Parents' behavior surely has a great influence on their children.
14. similar adj. 相似的
‧When it comes to the advantages of the MRT system, we have similar opinions.

字詞搭配
A + be similar to + B + in...　A和B在…(方面)相似
‧The two drinks are similar in appearance but different in flavor.

similarity
(1) n. [C] 相似點
‧The two applicants have similarities in age and background.
(2) n. [U] 相似
‧I can see the similarity of character between Henry and his father. They are both humorous.

III. Idioms and Phrases

1. on purpose　故意地，有意地
‧Phil didn't show up again! Don't you think he didn't attend the meeting on purpose?
2. in a flash　一瞬間，馬上

＊同義詞＊
like a flash, quick as a flash
‧With MSN Messenger, your friends can get your messages in a flash.
3. make up for　彌補，補償
‧We all know it's useless to make up for lost time.
4. even if　即使，縱然
＊同義詞＊
even though
此為表讓步的從屬連接詞。例：
‧Even if David was sick, he still went to school today.
















































Grammar in Use
1. ...as + Adj/Adv + as...
這個句型是以形容詞和副詞原級來表示二者在某方面相等的比較，是屬於英文修辭格式中的明喻(simile)，用來表達兩種人或事物在某個特質上是相同的。寫作時適時運用此句型，可以使文章內容活潑生動，激發讀者的想像力。例：
‧He is as patient as his grandmother.
‧My puppy is not as hairy as yours.
‧George studies as hard as you.
本句型的否定用法如下所示：
句型分析
...not + as + Adj/Adv + as...
→...not + so/as + Adj/Adv + as...
注意，只有否定可以用so...as...的用法。
‧Mandy is not as pretty as her sister.
→ Mandy is not so pretty as her sister.
這個句型之前可以用副詞almost, nearly, just 等修飾。例：
‧Your wallet is almost as cheap as mine.
‧The bread is just as hard as a rock.
‧Your handwriting is nearly as good as the teacher's.

以下補充一些常見的慣用語：

慣用語
as strong as an ox
as stubborn as a mule
as blind as a bat
as wise as an owl
as easy as pie
as proud as a peacock
as brave as a lion
as free as a bird
as hungry as a bear
as light as a feather
as slow as a snail
as busy as a bee
as cool as a cucumber

＊句型練習補充：

利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. My grandfather is 75 years old, and my grandmother is, too.
→ ____________________________________
2. I'm quite tall, but Joe is taller.
→ I'm not _____________________________.
3. Maria walks slowly, and a snail walks slowly, too.
→ I think ______________________________.
4. Italian food is delicious, and Japanese food is delicious, too.
→ I think ______________________________.
5. Tina's salary is good, but Sandy's is better.
→ Tina's salary isn't _____________________________________________________________________________.
參考解答
1. My grandfather is as old as my grandmother.
2. as tall as Joe
3. Maria walks as slowly as a snail
4. Italian food is as delicious as Japanese food
5. as good as Sandy's












2. no matter what/where/when/who/how
本句型將no matter 接疑問詞的附屬連接詞用法作一介紹，且「no matter +疑問詞」可以跟「疑問詞+ -ever」代換：
句型分析
no matter what = whatever　不論什麼…
no matter where = wherever　不論哪裡…
no matter when = whenever　不論何時…
no matter who = whoever　不論是誰…
no matter how = however　不論如何…
‧No matter what (= Whatever) you say, I won't trust you anymore.
‧No matter where (= Wherever) I go, I will stay in touch with you.
‧No matter when (= Whenever) you need my CD player, you can borrow it.
‧No matter who (= Whoever) you are, you can't use the cell phone during the meeting.
‧No matter how (= However) hard he tried, he still failed.

教師可視上課時間與學生程度斟酌補充下列用法：
(1) 「no matter +疑問詞」所引導的副詞子句要置於句首，不可置於動詞後當受詞；而「疑問詞 + -ever」則可置於句首或動詞後當受詞。例：
‧Mary would take no matter what her boyfriend gave her. (×)

‧Mary would take whatever her boyfriend gave her. (○)
(2) no matter what 後可以接名詞。例：
‧No matter what product you buy in the store, you need to pay in cash.



＊句型練習補充：

A. 利用句型完成下列句子。
1. ___________ you do, I will support you.
2. ___________ you visit in the U.S., you can
always find people from different countries.
3. ___________ calls, don't answer the phone.
4. ___________ happens, I'll help you.
5. ___________ you get into trouble, give me
a call.
6. ___________ delicious the ice cream was,
she refused to eat it.

參考解答
A.
1. No matter what
2. No matter where
3. No matter who
4. No matter what
5. No matter when
6. No matter how

















B. 請從下列I欄和II欄各選一句，利用句型寫出完整的句子。
I.
1. ...Emma tells me, ...
2. ...Anna travels, ...
3. ...you are, ...
4. ...I called Helen today, ...
5. ...Allen gave her, ...

II.
‧...you have to obey the school rules.
‧...her line was busy.
‧...I don't believe it.
‧...she always has a good time.
‧...Linda treasured it very much.
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________

參考解答
B.
1. No matter what Emma tells me, I don't believe it.
2. No matter where Anna travels, she always has a good time.
3. No matter who you are, you have to obey the school rules.
4. No matter when I called Helen today, her line was busy.
5. No matter what Allen gave her, Linda treasured it very much.


補充資料
補充資料
寫網誌過生活──部落格(blog)

網誌，或稱為「部落格」，其名稱來自weblog，顧名思義，是web (網路) + log (日誌；紀錄)的簡化(weblog是Jorn Barger在1997年12月17日所創造；blog則是Peter Merholz在1999年的4或5月所創造)。網誌其實也是網站(website)的一種形式，特別的地方在於它的入口就好像紙本的日誌或日記一樣，而且是以與時間先後次序相反的方式來呈現。除了可以分享嗜好，集結同好之外，有些部落格常針對特定主題，以提供評論或公告新聞的方式進行，主題可涵蓋飲食、旅遊、政治或地方新聞；有些則以單純的個人線上日記來建構。典型的部落格包含主體的文字、影像、以及與其他部落格、網頁和相關主題之媒體的連結。

說到部落格的歷史，其實早在部落格風行之前，如Usenet, e-mail list和電子佈告欄(bulletin board systems，俗稱BBS)等數位社區就已大行其道，但是一直到1900年代後期到2001年，隨著部落格工具演進得更容易上手，更易於發佈，加上幾個以政治議題為焦點的部落格變得家喻戶曉，部落格的數目才如雨後春筍般大量出現。突然間，閱讀部落格被公認是獲知世界大事的有效方法之一，而隨著網路的無遠弗屆，撰寫部落格日誌也被視為可能比傳統出版刊物擁有更多讀者的一個方式。

部落格的屬性，可依不同的角度來劃分，例如：若是以使用行動電話或PDA (Personal Digital Assistant，個人數位助理)為對象來設計、編輯部落格的就可稱為molog；就文體(genre)來分，有政治性的political log和以旅遊導向的travel log；或是以部落格分享交流形式分的，例如：照片photoblog (photograph)、影片vlog (videos)以及聲音podcasting (audio)。

至於部落格風行的程度如何？以Xanga這個網站為例，它創立於1996年，到1997年為止，才只有100篇日記，但是直到2005年，

已有超過五千萬篇了。此外，blog在政治的影響力上，尤其以美國最為顯著。在2004年，blog不但成為Merriam-Webster's大辭典增列的新字，更以主流之姿形成另一政治角力場──不論是民主或是共和兩黨的大會，皆以具有指標性部落格之言論及其「格主」作為文宣的利器。在成長數據上，截至2006 年初為止，有超過三千六百萬個部落格，每天都會新開七萬五千個。有些部落格因為太受歡迎了，出版商還將它們出版成書。現在每年都會頒獎給以部落格為起始的最佳書籍。

儘管部落格剛開始為個人化的產物，但是在商業上的用途仍不可小覷。部落格除了在公司機構內部可作為提升良性溝通和文化水準的媒介，更可以對外作為行銷、品牌或公關之用(這類部落格也稱為corporate blog)。舉例來說，有些公司還請人替他們的產品寫網誌，寄望借助個人實際且生活化的角度來為其產品現身說法。事實上，若你發現這些言論有「言過其實」的時候，不用懷疑，他們極可能是由公司的員工或是專職的「打手」所發表的。
English Workshop
I. I Am Sorry
1. 每個人難免會有犯錯或疏忽的時候。向別人表達歉意時，可以對自身所犯的過失或苦衷做出解釋，並祈求對方諒解或原諒。教師可以先帶學生將課本所列的用語唸一至兩遍，讓學生熟悉常見的說法。
2. 將學生分組練習作課本的對話，也可抽選幾組學生上臺表演。
3. 以下為一些道歉情境，例如：失約、失禮、犯錯、爭吵、傷了別人的心等狀況的相關用法補充，可提供給學生參考。
(1) 失約
‧I apologize to you for missing our appointment.
‧I'm sorry. You must be angry with me for forgetting our date.
‧Is there any way that I can make up for my forgetfulness?
(2) 失禮/失言
‧I didn't mean to offend you.
‧I'm sorry for being rude the other day.
‧I hope you can forgive my rudeness. I didn't know what I was saying.
‧Please forgive me. I really had no intention of behaving that way.
(3) 犯錯
‧I do feel regretful about what I have done.
‧I deeply regretted talking back to my dad. I wish I hadn't done that.
(4) 爭吵
‧I would like to get together with you and talk our disagreement out.
‧I am sorry about the misunderstanding. Can we have a talk?
(5) 傷了某人的心
‧I feel really bad about breaking your heart.
‧I'm sorry for hurting your feelings the other day.
4. 以下補充對於他人道歉的回應：
‧Not at all.
‧No harm done.
‧It doesn't matter.
‧Think nothing of it.
‧I totally understand.
‧It's not your fault.
‧Let's forget about it.
‧You don't have to apologize.
5. 如果還有時間，教師可請學生們腦力激盪完成一至兩個簡短的對話，然後抽點或請學生自願上臺演示成果，再由教師檢討講評。


II. How to Write a Letter of Apology

1. 第二個活動要帶領學生做道歉短信的寫作，老師可提示學生幾個道歉信書寫的原則。雖然日常生活的道歉信並不如商業書信那麼正式、制式化，但是學生仍然可以藉由這個機會，學習表達自己的誠心悔意，以獲得受信者的諒解，進而得到對方再次的信任和接納。教師可請學生在課後再將成品潤飾後，交由教師改正，等下一堂課時，由教師挑選出不錯的作品進行講解和表揚。
2. 教師可利用課本的範例，簡單複習第二冊第八課English Workshop所提過英文信函的基本架構。英文信函大致包含抬頭(greeting)、正文(body)及結語(closing)。抬頭部分是由Dear、My dear或Dearest加上名字或職稱等所組成；而結尾第一個字母須大寫，其後加上逗號。常用的結尾語有：Yours faithfully (最正式的)、Sincerely yours (用於較不正式)、Best wishes/regards (用於非正式和熟識之間)，若對方是較親密的對象時，可用Love、With love，最後再以署名結尾。
3. 以下是幾個道歉信書寫的原則，提供學生在思考和下筆時依循的方向：
(1) 一開始就精確地指出自己所犯的錯誤。例如："I shouldn't have lost my temper when...." 或 "I have looked all over the place, but I'm afraid I have lost your book...."等。
(2) 為自己所做的事承擔責任，同時不去怪罪第三者。例如："I accept full responsibility for what happened...." 或 "I know this was completely my fault...."
(3) 在信中承諾不再重複做出這類冒犯或得罪對方的事，並且要求對方能給你機會彌補。
4. 教師可請學生利用網路搜尋一些英文賀卡網站，或是運用課本上補充的道歉用語，試著寫道歉信給想要表達歉意的人，或是反之寫出接受他人對自己道歉的原諒書信。
5. 以下補充有關道歉和回應歉意的對話題目，可供學生練習。

( B ) 1. A: I am terribly sorry for making the
mistake.
B: ______ Forget it.
(A) Am I wrong?
(B) It doesn't matter at all.
(C) What happened?
(D) I'm glad you like it.
( A ) 2. A: ______ I shouldn't say that to hurt
you.
B: Not at all.
(A) Please forgive me.
(B) What's wrong with you?
(C) Am I wrong this time?
(D) What happened?
( C ) 3. A: I broke your cup by accident. Sorry
about that. ______
B: That's all right. I'll give you another
chance.
(A) Tell me the truth.
(B) Nice to hear from you.
(C) Can you forgive me?
(D) It doesn't matter to me.
( B ) 4. A: I didn't mean to offend you, sir.
B: ______
(A) I don't know.
(B) I accept your apology.
(C) Are you kidding?
(D) Let's call it a day.
( C ) 5. A: ______
B: That's all right?
(A) What's the problem?
(B) I doubt about it.
(C) I'm sorry for being late again.
(D) Are you kidding?

( D ) 6. A: I must apologize for my behavior
yesterday.
B: ______ I understand?
(A) Can you do that again?
(B) What's wrong with you?
(C) I'm sorry.
(D) Never mind.
( A ) 7. A: I am sorry for breaking your vase.
B: ______
(A) Don't worry about it.
(B) Be kind to everybody.
(C) I beg your pardon.
(D) Thank you so much.
( B ) 8. A: I'm sorry that I couldn't make it on
time.
B: ______
(A) How about you?
(B) No problem.
(C) You're welcome.
(D) Couldn't be better.

參考解答
Dear Mr. Brown,

I would like to apologize to you. It was all my fault to talk back to you when you wanted to show me right manners in class. I want to say sorry for that and please don't be angry with me. I will try to be a good student from now on. Please forgive me.

Sincerely,

Jason

Conversation
當傑森看到他的女友朵拉正在和別的男孩說話時，他大發雷霆。後來他發現那位男孩是朵拉的表哥，他就向朵拉道歉。(J = 傑森，D = 朵拉)

J: 朵拉，我對妳發脾氣的事，我覺得很抱歉。我並不知道和妳在一起的那個帥哥是妳的表哥。
1. ...he saw her talking to another boy.
句型分析
see + O + V-ing
此為感官動詞see的用法，後面接受詞和現在分詞，表示「看見某人正在做某事」。
2. find out 為「發現，查明」之意。例：
‧The teacher found out that Tom smoked at school today.

























D: 那不是藉口。我有自由和任何人說話，不論是男的或女的。
J: 我知道。我只是嫉妒，就這樣而已。我該如何補償妳呢？
D: 嗯，你可以先從信任我開始。
J: 妳還在生我的氣，對吧？
D: 傷心多過生氣，因為你的行為非常幼稚。你知道我不會和其他人約會的。
J: 我實在對我的所作所為感到懊悔。我希望我沒有因此毀了一切。
D: 就差那麼一點。我希望你將來能表現得更好。
J: 會的，我保證。我知道我犯了大錯。妳可以原諒我嗎？
D: 不盡然，但是我想我可以再給你一次機會。
J: 噢，朵拉，謝謝你。相信我，妳不會後悔的！
3. excuse 為「理由，藉口」之意。例：
‧The student gave a poor excuse for being late for school today.
4. That's all.
這句話表示「事情或話就這些沒別的了」。
5. make it up to sb 表示「補償某人」。例：
‧How can we make it up to you for all your losses?
6. You're still angry, aren't you?
此為附加問句用法，前面敘述句為肯定，故附加問句要用否定，反之亦然。例：
‧Paul is familiar with this poem, isn't he?
‧Linda doesn't like sports, does she?
7. More sad than angry.
→ I am more sad than angry.
此為"more Adj + than + Adj" 的用法，表示「…更甚於…」，強調前者的成分大過於後者。例：
‧My father felt more sad than angry when my brother lied to him.

8. I promise.　我保證
→ I can promise you.
‧I won't make the same mistake again, I promise.
9. forgive vt. 原諒，寬恕
‧We'll never forgive Frank for what he has done to us.
10. You won't regret it!　你不會後悔的！
‧Trust me one more time and you won't regret it!

Listening Practice
本聽力單元練習全民英檢初級的「問答」題型，以下題目的題幹與選項均與本課內容相關。
[聽力腳本]
1. Mary, I'm really sorry if I was rude to you last night.
2. Oh. Sorry. I didn't know this was your seat.
3. I really regret shouting at John. I think I've spoiled our friendship.
4. Sorry, Lucy. I behaved so terribly at the party. How can I make up for my bad behavior?
5. So sorry I'm late. I got stuck in a traffic jam.















補充資料
猜猜我是誰──Cosplay (角色扮演)

Cosplay是「costume (服裝) + play (扮演)」的縮寫形式，精確來說是指「穿著奇特服裝以進行角色扮演活動」之意。Cosplay就是一種扮裝遊戲，若從廣義的角度來解釋，不論是電視上的綜藝節目中紅極一時的明星模仿秀，或是以模仿政治名人亂開玩笑的演出，都可以稱之為Cosplay。因此，Cosplay的定義就是模仿一個既有角色，藉由相同的服裝、造型或相同的動作、習慣，來達到模仿或扮演的用意，且被模仿的角色可能是真實人物或是虛幻人物。反之，若是一般玩家的觀點來解釋Cosplay ，那就僅限於針對動畫、漫畫或電玩的範圍所作的角色扮演了。

關於Cosplay的起源說法不一，其中一個說法是：Cosplay這個名詞，是由日本一工作室Nov Takahashi (Studio Hard成員之一)在1984年所創造。在他參加完當時在洛杉磯舉辦的世界科幻小說博覽會之後，對於那些化裝舞會般的奇特裝扮留下深刻的印象。回國以後便在日本的科幻小說雜誌上大肆報導當時的種種盛況，間接促成了這一股角色扮演的風氣。另一說法是：早在約1960至1970年間，日本學校的文化祭、運動會或園遊會中，就有特殊的裝扮活動出現，然而早期比較接近於「服裝扮演」而已，而未有特定角色的模仿扮演。到後半時期，以美國動漫畫中的蝙蝠俠和超人為模仿對象，逐漸出現了以這兩種造型打扮的人，而進入「角色扮演」的範疇內。1972年，日本第一次正式的Cosplay Show於是誕生了。1980年後，一般的玩家也開始出現在Cosplay的會場中，還有漫畫家本人自己打扮上場，之後由於Macross (超時空要塞)與其他動畫的興起，Cosplay也發展成以動畫為主流。Cosplay的精細度也越來越講究，甚至出現了專為Cosplay而參加活動的人。

然而，在1983到1984年間，Cosplay也曾出現令人憂心的局面──由於Cosplay精細度要求之故，各種擬真武器紛紛出籠，同時也增加了Cosplay的危險性，而後又爆發某家電視臺採訪Cosplay時，企圖誘導Cosplay玩家做出危險動作，及引導玩家做出不適當的發言，引發許多玩家們的反彈！到了1987年後，由於「聖鬥士星矢」再造Cosplay的旋風，許多的大型鍇甲炫目一時，此時的Cosplay也從動漫畫推展到小說、電玩或電影領域上，漸漸出現分化。另一方面，一些活動大會由於Cosplay具有危險性，逐漸對Cosplay做出諸多限制，1989年，在東京都內舉辦的許多展覽會場甚至相繼禁止Cosplay進入，使得Cosplay的玩家一下子銳減不少。

1991年後，Cosplay的玩家開始自律，除了在活動會場裡對Cosplay的內容有一些規範，同時對玩家們的需求設想周到，例如：開始設置更衣室供玩家使用， 而後Cosplay這個名詞也更廣為人知，成為日本青少年次文化中重要的一部分。

回顧Cosplay的發展歷程，起初僅偏重少女漫畫風格，多以專業人員為主，後來，很快地Cosplay成為一般在發表會場中必然出現的賣點，例如：臺灣現在許多電玩的發表會上，都會有人(較多是由藝人)負責扮演遊戲中的角色，以達到促進買氣的效果。近來，甚至標榜以Cosplay少女服務的餐廳或咖啡廳更成為一項著重菜色美味可口以外的新賣點。

Cosplay雖然是自日本傳入，但是臺灣也不落人後，源起於臺灣的本土文化──布袋戲──其實也有同樣的角色扮演活動。

類似國劇中角色的多樣化，布袋戲的角色一向性格鮮明，而玩家對於其中角色的愛恨也非常明顯；基於追求Cosplay的原始動機和最高境界──「化身其中」，許多玩家也喜愛裝扮成布袋戲中的人物。只是由於布袋戲的造型向來是以華麗取勝，越是華麗精緻的造型，在服裝、配件上面越複雜，製作起來更是所費不貲。若玩家很講究，要求扮裝的物件要接近於原設定材質，像是羽毛頭飾、金屬披掛等等，置裝費自然是很驚人。因此，若是真的手癢想玩一下Cosplay，得先摸摸自己的荷包了。

☆課後練習難題解析

I. Vocabulary
1. wonder n. [U] 驚嘆，驚訝；in wonder　驚嘆地
2. right now　立刻，馬上
6. be similar to　和…相似
8. against all expectations　出乎意料地；by表示「相差…」。

II. Idioms and Phrases
1. amazed adj. 吃驚的，驚訝的
4. find out 表示「發現(真相、事實)」，後面接what 所引導的名詞子句當其受詞。

III. Cloze Test
1. 這裡用(B)「more and more + 複數名詞」，表示「愈來愈多的…」。
2. 若使役動詞make後接的受詞為「被動接受動作者」時，其後接的動詞須為過去分詞(Vpp)，故選(C) making; pierced。
3. (A) beyond/against one's expectations 表示「出乎某人意料地」。
4. 這個空格後接的是problems 的實例，包括speech difficulties 和 broken teeth，故用such as 。
6. seem 表示「好像，似乎」，後面接形容詞。

IV. Guided Translation
2. 這裡的whenever相當於every time when的用法；後面主要子句的動詞為spend，其後須接V-ing，故用staying和staring。
5. 這裡a wave of regret後的分詞片語hitting 是由which/that hit省略而來的；後面原級比較中的as hard as的副詞hard用來修飾study。

☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 親子溝通用心談，曾文志著。師友月刊雜誌社出版，2005。
2. 親子溝通零距離，劉慈惠著。信誼文化出版 ，2004。
3. 你會聽，孩子就肯說：親子溝通六大妙方，安戴爾‧法柏(Adele Faber) &伊蓮‧瑪茲利許(Elaine Mazlish)合著，謝凱蒂譯。天下文化出版，2006。

B. 相關網站
1. http://www.bookzone.com.tw/event/honglian/
index.asp
(洪蘭教授親子講座)
2. http://www.socialwork.com.hk/index.htm
(青少年相關議題討論)
3. http://www.cib.gov.tw/young/index.aspx
(內政部警政署青少年特區)