6 Disappearing: Who Is Next?
消失：誰是下一個？
☆教學目標
1. 本課敘述全球暖化對地球造成的負面影響，並且提到部分地區可能會因為全球暖化造成的海平面上升而有消失的危機，希望讓學生們在學習完本課之後，能夠了解其成因，並身體力行，減少溫室氣體的排放，阻止暖化效應持續惡化。
2. 本課有一些與「氣候」或「環境」相關的字彙，例：rising、level、global、melt、temperature、sink等。
3. 在文法句型方面，本課是介紹「感官動詞」及``either...or...''和``neither...nor...''的用法。
4. 教導學生如何運用英文表達事情的「原因」和「結果」，以讓他們練習陳述發生在生活周遭事物的因果關係。
☆本課導讀
本課課文以疑問句起頭。問學生們是否曾經去過吐瓦魯，進而引導出本課的主題──全球暖化。由於現代工業發展，人類的經濟活動大量使用化石燃料，造成大氣中二氧化碳等溫室氣體的濃度急速增加，產生愈來愈明顯的全球暖化、海平面上升以及全球氣候變遷加劇等現象，對於水資源、農作物、自然生態系統及人類健康等各層面造成日益明顯的負面衝擊，有些區域更面臨土地逐漸消失的危機，這就是人類破壞環境所要付出的代價。
為了抑制人為溫室氣體的排放，防止氣候加速變遷，聯合國在1997年12月於日本京都舉行聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第三次締約國大會，通過具有約束效力的京都議定書(Kyoto Protocol)，以規範工業國家未來之溫室氣體減量責任。而根據該議定書，主要工業國家應以1990年的排放量為基準，在2008年至2012年之間，讓六種溫室氣體排放量平均降低至少5%。其中最重要的一項是二氧化碳，它主要來自化石燃料(煤、石油與天然氣)的燃燒。而其他人為溫室氣體加起來的效應也頗為可觀，這些氣體，尤其是對流層臭氧與其前驅物，包括甲烷，都是煙霧的主要成分，有害人體健康與農作物產量。在本課進行中，教師可以隨著課文講解，讓學生們了解，惟有減少化石燃料的燃燒，才能讓溫室效應逐漸減弱，讓地球重新成為一個適合萬物居住的地方。
本課課文旨在告訴學生，在人類尋求經濟發展的同時，應該多加思考如何以不破壞地球的自然環境為前提，來創造人類與大自然雙贏的局面。教師可以藉由課前活動、課文講解與會話來使學生了解溫室效應的影響，讓學生能省思如何解決此一難題。
Warm-up
本課的課前暖身活動藉由在地圖上找出一些區域的所在位置，讓學生們找出這些區域的共通點──它們都被預測可能會因為全球暖化而有土地逐漸消失的危機。老師可藉由提問的方式來引導學生參與討論。
老師亦可詢問學生是否知道何謂全球暖化，其成因為何？影響為何？是否有解決之道？
參考解答
1. Alaska
2. Greenland
3. Venice
4. Taiwan
5. Tuvalu
2. Parts of these places are expected (預料) to disappear because of global warming.
Reading
你曾經造訪過吐瓦魯嗎？如果沒有，你應該趕快去。這個由九個小島組成的小國可能很快就會消失了。事實上，大部分曾居住在那裡的居民已經搬走了。為什麼會這樣呢？在過去一百年當中，因全球暖化所造成的海平面上升已經導致嚴重的淹水。這已經嚴重地影響了這個國家的飲用水和食物生產，甚至沖走了島嶼的部分土地。科學家們可能知道這些事情發生的原因，但他們並不知道這個重要問題的答案：誰是下一個？
1. If not, you should go soon.
→ If you have not visited Tuvalu, you should go soon.
2. In fact, most of the people who once lived there have already moved away.
吐瓦魯是世界上最小的國家之一，分成九個環礁，由多島組成。它的土地非常貧瘠，當地幾乎無儲水區，而土壤也不適合農耕。吐瓦魯主要工業為捕魚業及旅遊業，但因為它地處遙遠，所以每年只有少數旅客到達，且吐瓦魯的經濟本來靠出口鳥糞造成的氮肥來支持，但由於海平面不斷上升，使國家的平地日漸縮少。2001年，吐瓦魯政府宣佈因為面對海平面上升，吐瓦魯的居民將會撤出該群島，而鄰近國家紐西蘭同意接受每年配額的撤離者，但是澳大利亞則拒絕了吐瓦魯政府的請求。
3. ...rising sea levels caused by global
warming...
→ ...rising sea levels which/that were caused by global warming...
句型分析
N + Vpp
關係代名詞為主格時，關係子句可簡化為分詞片語。例：
‧I really enjoy the books written by Dan Brown.
4. affect在此指「影響」。例：
‧Smoking affects your health very much.
5. Scientists may know why this is happening....
句型分析
S + V + who/what/when/where/why S + V...
在此疑問詞why引導名詞子句作know的受詞。例：
‧I don't know why these girls are crying.
全球暖化已經在很多地方造成問題。例如在阿拉斯加，很多冰河已經開始溶化。科學家指出冰河溶化的原因是因為在過去四十年中，阿拉斯加的平均溫度上升了。現在有些阿拉斯加人甚至說冬天感覺像夏天。由於全球暖化，大約百分之十五的阿拉斯加土地已經消失了。
1. ...winter feels like summer.
此為感官動詞的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
2. ...about 15 percent of Alaska's land has disappeared.
percent of 後可加「單數名詞＋單數動詞」。例：
‧Fifteen percent of the money is John's.
percent of後也可加「複數名詞＋複數動詞」。例：
‧Fifteen percent of the students in the school are girls.
位於格陵蘭島上溶化的冰河亦被報導出來。因為百分之八十一的格陵蘭島土地被冰所覆蓋，所以全球暖化讓很多人感到緊張。專家們已經說出他們的擔憂，如果格陵蘭島上所有的冰都溶化了，海平面將會上升七公尺以上。
1. melting為現在分詞作形容詞用，有「主動」或「正在進行」的意義，類似用法有：the boiling water, the changing world。
2. Since 81 percent of its land is covered with ice, global warming makes many people nervous.
(1) since在此指「因為，由於」。例：
‧Since it was really cold, I stayed at home.
(2) be covered with表示「被…所覆蓋」。例：
‧The meadow is covered with pretty wild flowers.
(3) makes many people nervous
句型分析
make + O + OC (Adj)
make為不完全及物動詞，接受詞後，還會接形容詞當受詞補語，表示「使…覺得…」。例：
‧Hank's rude words made me angry.
3. Experts have voiced their concern that if all the ice in Greenland melts, sea levels will rise more than seven meters.
(1) 動詞voice為「說出；表達」之意。例：
‧Tom voiced concern about our plan.
(2) ...if all the...meters.
句型分析
If + S1 + V1..., S2 + will/may/can... + V2....
此為直說法條件句，用來陳述一般事實。
‧If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the movies.
全球暖化甚至影響了歐洲的城市，像是威尼斯。對很多人而言，這個運河城市看起來很浪漫。然而，可能讓很多人驚訝的是這個美麗的城市正在下沉，而且上升中的海平面可能會造成威尼斯將來有一天完全地消失。為了拯救這個歷史上著名的景點，威尼斯的領袖們必須找出方法來阻止這個城市下沉或海平面上升。
1. ...this city of canals looks romantic.
此為感官動詞的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
2. ...it may surprise most people [that this beautiful city is sinking] and [that rising sea levels may cause it to disappear...].
(1) 此句中虛主詞it代替後面兩個that子句，且兩個子句說得是同一件事。
(2) 後面的it是指Venice。
3. To save this historic place, the leaders of Venice must find a way either to stop the city from sinking or to stop sea levels from rising.
(1) To save 等於 In order to save，表示「為了拯救…」。
in order to為表示「目的」的不定詞，in order常被省略。例：
‧To get better grades, we need to study harder.
(2) 關於either...or...的詳細用法，請參見本課句型解析二。
此外，靠近我們的家園，全球暖化也讓許多臺灣的民眾擔憂。設法想像一下，臺灣因為上升的海平面淹沒了海岸而成為一座更小的島嶼。再想像一下，有些外島，像是澎湖和金門，已經完全地消失了。…
1. worry是「使…擔心」的意思。例：
‧Don't worry yourself about the English exam tomorrow.
2. Try to picture Taiwan as a much smaller island....
(1) picture A as B在此指「想像A為B」。
picture也可用imagine替換。例：
‧I always picture myself as Spiderman.
(2) much用來修飾比較級形容詞，亦可用even, far...等來修飾比較級形容詞。
…再想像一下，每天在臺北搭船去上班或上課，而不是搭乘捷運。這些事聽起來瘋狂嗎？有一些專家已經預測，如果全球暖化繼續造成海平面上升，這些事情都有可能會發生。
3. Imagine living in Taipei and taking a ferry to work or school, instead of the MRT.
(1) imagine 後面接動詞時，須用V-ing。例：
‧It is difficult for me to imagine walking on the moon.
(2) instead of + V-ing/N為「代替…；不是…而是…」的意思。例：
‧Angela stayed at home instead of going to the movies.
→ Instead of going to the movies, Angela stayed at home.
4. Do these sound crazy?
此為感官動詞的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
5. ...all of these things may possibly happen if global warming continues to cause sea levels to rise.
句型分析
If + S1 + V1..., S2 + will/may/can... + V2....
此為直說法條件句，用來陳述一般事實。
‧If Maggie comes to my party tomorrow, I will be very happy.
人類能做什麼來阻止全球暖化和拯救像吐瓦魯、阿拉斯加、格陵蘭島、威尼斯和臺灣這類的地方呢？一些科學家建議我們應該設法減少造成全球暖化的污染。例如，其中一個方法就是學生可以走路或騎腳踏車上學，而不是騎摩托車去。
1. Some scientists suggest that we try to reduce the pollution that causes global
warming.
句型分析
S1 + suggest + that + S2 + (should) V....
suggest之後引導that子句時，子句中的should常省略而用動詞原形。例：
‧I suggest that you (should) see a doctor soon.
2. for instance = for example 舉例來說…；例如…
‧The twins are quite similar in many ways. For instance, they share the same habits.
無庸置疑地，全球暖化是一個既不容易了解，也不容易解決的問題。然而，在問題變得無法收拾之前，每一個人都應該做一些事來預防全球暖化變得更嚴重。
1. ...a problem that is neither easy to
understand nor easy to solve.
(1) 關係代名詞that代替先行詞a problem，在子句中作主格用。
(2) 在neither A nor B的句型中，以最靠近動詞的名詞來決定動詞的單複數，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析二。例：
‧Neither you nor he is right.
‧Neither you nor I am the boss of the company.
Cultural Note 資料增補
聖嬰現象
「聖嬰現象」的說法出自西班牙文中的 El Niño，是指男孩或上帝之子的意思。位於南美洲秘魯太平洋沿岸的漁民發現，在聖誕節時期的前後，東太平洋海域赤道附近的海水溫度常會異常升高，洋流產生異常變化，這稱為「聖嬰現象」。
當「聖嬰現象」出現時，會造成海水溫度異常，海中浮游生物數量減少，於是魚群聚集數量隨之減少，海鳥出現之數量亦銳減，對海洋生態產生巨大影響。而過去資料顯示，大約每二年到七年就會發生一次「聖嬰現象」，每次發生期間可長達一年半到二年之久。
同時，當「聖嬰現象」出現時，近赤道區東太平洋表面海水溫度異常增溫，洋面之上之大氣受熱，伴隨著海洋來之水氣上升，且經由對流作用成雲，在東太平洋地區產生豪雨，造成沿岸地區發生水災。而西太平洋由於表面海水溫度較低，海域上空之空氣則是下沉，抑制降雨，造成印尼、菲律賓、澳洲北部乾旱，甚至引發森林大火，影響空氣品質。
Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
參考解答
1. Because of global warming, these places may soon disappear. The rising sea levels and melting glaciers caused by global warming have resulted in terrible flooding and have even washed away parts of these places. About 15 percent of Alaska's land has disappeared. Also, reports say that glaciers in Greenland have started melting due to global
warming, and this situation makes many people nervous. Therefore, if global warming can't be controlled, in the future, these places may gradually disappear.
2. Some scientists said that we should try to reduce the pollution that causes global warming. For example, we can reduce the amount of oil we use for energy. We can also walk or ride a bicycle to school or work to reduce the amount of harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. In addition, we can also use our air-conditioning systems less, since the hot air from the operation of an air-conditioning system can make global warming even worse.
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. rising
(1) adj. 上升的
‧The castle is built on rising ground.
(2) adj. 上漲的
‧The new government needs to face the problem of the highly rising living cost in the country.
(3) adj. 嶄露頭角的
‧Peter is now a rising baseball star.
rise
(1) vi. 上升
‧I saw smoke rise from that house, and then it was on fire!
(2) vi. (數量或價錢)增加，上漲
‧The prices of vegetables rose after the terrible flood.
(3) vi. 站起
‧Jenny rose from her chair to welcome her grandfather.
(4) n. [C] 上升，增加
‧There is a sharp rise in the number of people out of work in June.
(5) n. [C] 加薪
‧The workers asked for a 5% pay rise this month.
2. level
(1) n. [C] 水平面；水平
‧The hill is about 1,000 feet above sea level.
字詞搭配
at eye level 與眼睛平視的高度
‧Eric held the book at eye level and started to read it.
(2) n. [C][U] 水準，程度
‧The boy's intelligence is above the ordinary level.
(3) adj. 平坦的
‧This floor is not completely level.
(4) adj. 相同高度的
‧My sister's head is just level with my shoulder.
(5) vt. 把…整平，使平坦
‧The farmers leveled the field before planting.
3. global
(1) adj. 全球的，世界性的
‧AIDS is a global issue.
(2) adj. 全面的，整體的
‧The report takes a global view about the economic problems between the USA and Taiwan.
globally adv. 全球性地，世界性地
‧Nike is a globally familiar brand name.
globe n. [C] (usu. sing.) (the～) 地球
‧The company exports their products all over the globe.
4. melt
(1) vi. 融化；食物入口即化
‧It could be very cold when snow is melting.
‧The cake my mother made really melted in the mouth.
(2) vt. 使融化
‧High heat can almost melt anything.
(3) vi. 逐漸消失；逐漸化為
字詞搭配
melt away 逐漸消失
‧After the police used force, the crowd finally melted away.
(4) vi. (態度)軟化，萌生憐憫之情
‧Jason's heart melted when seeing his girlfriend crying.
melting adj. 甜美的，令人愛憐的
‧It's really a joy to hear the signer's melting voice.
字詞搭配
melting point 熔點
melting pot 文化大熔爐
‧The melting point of iron is very high.
‧London has become a melting pot of different cultures.
5. indicate vt. 指出；表明
‧The manager indicated that he was soon to retire.
‧The lights indicated that someone was still up.
indication n. [C][U] 徵候，跡象
‧There is no indication that it will rain this afternoon.
6. average
(1) adj. 平均的
‧What is the average rainfall in May in Taiwan?
(2) adj. 一般的，普通的
‧How much does an average worker in your country earn per year?
(3) adj. 中等的
‧Her English is not good─just average.
(4) n. [C] 平均，平均數
‧The average of 5, 6 and 7 is 6.
字詞搭配
on average 平均來看
above/below average 平均以上/下
‧Helen studies math 3 hours a day on average.
‧My work at school is above average.
7. temperature n. [U] 溫度，氣溫
字詞搭配
room/body temperature 室溫/體溫
take one's temperature 測量體溫
have/run a temperature 發高燒
‧The nurse took the baby's temperature with a thermometer.
‧John has been running a temperature for two days.
11. concern
(1) n. [U] 擔心，憂慮
‧He showed his concern about/over his father's illness.
字詞搭配
a matter of concern 關心的事
‧The safety of using cell phones has become a matter of public concern.
(2) n. [C] 擔心/關心的事
‧Mind your own concerns.
‧The businessman's sole concern is how to make more money.
(3) n. [U] 關係，利害關係
‧This is a matter of deep concern to the public good.
(4) vt. 使擔心，使掛念
‧David's drug problem concerns his parents very much.
→ David's parents are concerned about his drug problem.
‧The rich man doesn't have to concern himself about money.
(5) vt. 與…有關
‧Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all.
12. sink
(1) vi. 下沉，沉沒
‧The Titanic was a passenger ship which sank on its first voyage.
(2) vi. 下陷，下沉
‧The sun sank slowly below the horizon.
(3) vi. (疲倦地)坐下，倒下
‧After dinner, Father always sinks down on the sofa and goes to sleep.
(4) vi. (心情)消沉，(健康狀況)衰退
‧Lily's spirits sank when her boyfriend broke up with her.
(5) vt. 使沉沒，使陷入
‧I just saw a man sink two black bags in the river.
(6) n. [C] (廚房/浴廁的)洗滌槽
‧My sister is filling the sink with water to wash the dishes.
13. imagine vt. 想像
‧I can't imagine myself giving a speech to my classmates.
imaginary adj. 想像的，虛構的
‧The dragon is an imaginary animal in Chinese culture.
imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
‧This imaginative child likes to make up stories.
imagination
(1) n. [U] 想像力
‧Our art teacher tried her best to arouse our imagination.
(2) n. [U] 幻覺
‧Is it my imagination hearing footsteps downstairs?
15. predict vt. 預言，預料
‧No one predicted that the lights would fall on the stage.
prediction n. [C] 預言，預告
‧The prediction she made about the plane crash has come true.
predictable adj. 可預言的，可預料的
‧It is predictable that the cost of living in Taiwan will continue to rise.
17. pollution n. [U] 污染，公害
字詞搭配
environmental pollution 環境污染
air/water/noise pollution 空氣/水/噪音污染
‧Everybody should make efforts to reduce environmental pollution.
pollute
(1) vt. 污染，弄髒
‧The river has been polluted by chemical waste from the factory.
(2) vt. 玷污，毒害(思想)
‧Some TV programs may pollute young minds.
polluted adj. 受到污染的
‧Some people in the area still drink polluted water.
pollutant n. [C] 污染物
‧Some pollutants from that factory are released into the air.
18. solve
(1) vt. 解決(問題)
‧Tim finally solved his financial problems with the help of his friends.
(2) vt. 解答，解釋(難題)
字詞搭配
solve a case/crime/mystery 偵破案件/犯罪/
迷團
solution n. [C] 解決方法
字詞搭配
find/come up with a solution to/for...
找到/想出對…的解決方法
‧The scientists have not found great solutions to the global warming problems.
19. prevent vt. 阻止，預防
字詞搭配
prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事
‧The storm prevented us (from) arriving on time.
preventable adj. 可預防的
‧It was reported that the plane crash was preventable.
preventive adj. 預防的
‧You should take preventive measures against SARS.
prevention n. [U] 阻止，預防
‧Crime prevention is getting more and more important in today's society.
II. Words for Recognition
1. Tuvalu n. 吐瓦魯(太平洋中部的島國)
吐瓦魯是由9個珊瑚礁島所組成，海岸線有24公里長，總面積只有26平方公里，卻居住著1萬多人。主要的經濟來源以農漁業為主，許多島民靠販賣郵票、銅幣維生，部分人口在諾魯礦區工作。吐瓦魯水淺灘平，涉水一兩個小時水深仍然不及膝。
2. Alaska n. (美國)阿拉斯加州
阿拉斯加州位於美國國境的邊疆，是美國的最大州，但是其人口數卻十分稀少。阿拉斯加的地理位置位於北美大陸的西北方，東接加拿大，西濱白令海峽，並隔著白令海峽與西伯利亞相望，南邊瀕臨太平洋，北臨北極海，總面積大約是臺灣的42.5倍，人口僅有551,947人。阿拉斯加雖然地廣人稀，但是蘊藏了豐富的天然資源，如石油和多種礦產，並有許多野生動物，如北極熊。阿拉斯加因接近北極圈，夏季時幾乎沒有天黑的時候，而冬季時幾乎看不見白晝。
3. glacier n. [C] 冰河，冰川
冰河又稱為冰川，顧名思義是以冰塊組成的巨大河流，是歷經極長的時間而產生的自然現象。在終年被冰雪覆蓋的高山或兩極地區，經年累月的大量積雪在重力作用下擠壓成巨大的冰塊，沿山坡河谷向下滑動而形成冰河。冰河是地球上最大的淡水資源，也是地球上僅次於海洋之後最大的天然水庫。七大洲當中，除了大洋洲以外，其他六大洲都可見冰河的蹤跡。
4. Greenland n. 格陵蘭島
格陵蘭島是個被冰雪覆蓋的世界，全島三分之二以上的面積位在北極圈內，最北端距北極點不到800公里。格陵蘭島是世界上最大的島嶼，比世界面積第二大的新幾內亞島、第三大的加里曼丹島以及第四大的馬達加斯加島的面積總和還要大。格陵蘭島上有一巨型冰川，是世界第二大冰川(第一大冰川位於南極州上)。近年來科學家警告，如果不採取有效措施，扭轉地球暖化的趨勢，格陵蘭島的大冰原可能會在下個世紀消失。
5. Venice n. 威尼斯(義大利東北部的港口城市)
威尼斯是義大利東北部的城市，市區涵蓋義大利東北部亞得里亞海海邊的小島和鄰近一處半島。威尼斯位於一個潟湖的中央，一邊是義大利本土，另一邊是狹長的岬角，城市建在水道縱橫交錯的一系列島嶼之上，有很多運河，因此有水鄉的美譽。威尼斯中心舊市區街道狹窄，是行人徒步區，禁止汽機車進入，為歐洲最大的無汽車地區。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. in fact 事實上
＊同義詞＊
as a matter of fact
‧I don't know my neighbors well. In fact, I just moved here last week.
2. result in 導致
result in後面需接N/V-ing，表示所導致的結果；相反地，result from後接原因。
＊同義詞＊
lead to + N/V-ing
give rise to + N/V-ing
‧Leo's laziness resulted in his failure in the exam.
4. as a result of 由於
＊同義詞＊
owing to
because of
‧The house collapsed as a result of the earthquake.
5. without a doubt 無疑地
＊同義詞＊
without/beyond doubt
without question
‧ Without a doubt, Daniel is the best student in this class.
Grammar in Use
1. S + Vi (feel/look/smell/sound/taste) +
SC (Adj)
like + N
本課第一個句型介紹感官動詞的用法。感官動詞屬於不完全不及物動詞，又稱為連綴動詞(linking verbs)，其後不接受詞，但是因為本身意思不完整，需接主詞補語。感官動詞後面可直接使用形容詞，作為主詞補語，形容事物的狀態、氣味、觸感和口感等。若加上介系詞like，則必須接名詞，表示「像…」。
句型分析
(1) S + Vi + SC (Adj)
形容詞用來補充說明主詞，且使句子意思完整。例：
‧Mandy looks unhappy.
‧The idea sounds interesting.
(2) S + Vi + like + N
"like + N"是一介系詞片語，在這裡亦為主詞補語的用途。
‧Steve's English sounds like German.
‧Ann looks like her mother.
感官動詞為連綴動詞的一種，教師可視學生程度補充其他的連綴動詞的用法：
(1) be 動詞
‧Irene is beautiful.
(2) seem/appear
‧It seems wrong to lie to people who trust you.
(3) become
‧The band became popular after they released their second album.
(4) get
‧Mom got angry when I told her about my poor grades.
(5) go
‧Don't drink the milk. It has already gone bad.
(6) grow
‧Everyone grows old. It's inevitable.
(7) keep
‧The teacher asked us to keep quiet in the museum.
(8) turn
‧The woman's face turns red when people talk about her good looks.
(9) fall
‧Some students fell asleep during class.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 利用句型和提示字完成下列句子。
1. How does this cake taste? (sweet)
→ ____________________________________
2. What does James look like? (his grandfather)
→ ____________________________________
3. How does this cloth feel? (soft)
→ ____________________________________
4. What does the music sound like? (a dog's barks)
→ ____________________________________
5. What does the perfume smell like? (roses)
→ ____________________________________
B. 利用句型完成下列的對話。
When I woke up this morning, I heard something which 1__________ a bird's singing. It made me happy. Besides, there was a delicious smell from the kitchen. It 2__________ chocolate. So, I went to the kitchen to see what my mother was cooking. Then, I saw my mother baking a chocolate cake. Its shape 3__________ a Mickey Mouse's face. When I touched the cake, it 4__________ hot because it was just taken out from the oven. I could not wait to have a bite of it. It must 5__________ delicious.
參考解答
A.
1. It tastes sweet.
2. He looks like his grandfather.
3. It feels soft.
4. It sounds like a dog's barks.
5. It smells like roses.
B.
1. sounded like
2. smelled like
3. looked like
4. felt
5. taste
C. 教師可鼓勵學生利用此句型造出對話，以下範例可供參考。
1. Q: How about going shopping after class?
A: It sounds great!
2. Q: What did the candy taste like?
A: It tasted like a rock.
3. Q: You look like my brother.
A: Really? That's amazing.
4. Q: Are you OK? You don't look very well.
A: I feel sick.
2. either...or...
neither...nor...
either A or B「不是A就是B」與 neither A nor B「既不是A也不是B」為對等連接詞，可用於連接對等的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介系詞或片語等。例：
‧I think his father is either a policeman or a soldier. (名詞)
‧I could neither laugh nor cry. (動詞)
‧The weather in Taipei in summer is either hot or humid. (形容詞)
‧The man talked neither sincerely nor honestly. (副詞)
‧He did not find the key either on or under the mat. (介系詞)
‧Mike is either at home or in the office. (片語)
句型分析
(1) 當"either...or..."與"neither...nor..."連接主
時，動詞需與最靠近的主詞一致。例：
‧Either my parents or my husband looks after my dog when I am away.
‧Does either Debbie or her friends cook in the kitchen every day?
(2) "either...or..."之either也可省略。例：
‧The boss or his secretary has the key to the safe.
(3) 若"either...or..."用在否定句時，則表示全部否定。例：
‧I don't like either math or physics.
→ I like neither math nor physics.
‧The child can't either read or write.
→ The child can neither read nor write.
(4) "neither...nor..."本身已表示否定，所以不需再有否定詞。
‧Jason could not neither walk nor run after the car accident. (×) (not必須去掉)
如果有時間，教師可以讓學生進行翻譯或造句練習，以熟悉此句型。以下例句可供參考：
‧You either left your watch in the classroom or lost it on the way home.
‧We can either cook dinner for them or take them to a restaurant.
‧Most magazines are published either weekly or monthly.
‧Neither his parents nor his uncle is going to the party.
‧She left her key neither on the table nor in the drawer.
‧Either you come to see us or we go to see you.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 利用"either...or..."或"neither...nor..."合併下列句子。
1. Jane may find the note on the desk.
Jane may find the note in the drawer.
→ __________________________________
2. You may find Jim in the living room.
You may find Jim in the kitchen.
→ __________________________________
3. Mary is not fond of tea.
Mary is not fond of milk.
→ __________________________________
4. Kevin doesn't like swimming.
Kevin doesn't like hiking, either.
→ __________________________________
5. You should go to bed early this evening.
You should stop complaining about feeling tired in class.
→ __________________________________
6. I don't like cooking.
Carl doesn't like cooking, either.
→ __________________________________
B. 利用句型和提示字完成下列的段落。
1. Yesterday a typhoon hit my town. My mother asked me to decide 1____________________
_____________________________________
(either/stay at home/or/go to school). I told her that I wanted to stay at home. When I called my best friend, Amy, she told me that 2____________________________________
____________________________________
(neither/the students/nor/the teachers) went to school. Nobody wanted to take a risk.
2. Today I had an important English exam to take. Tragically, I got up late and couldn't catch the bus in the morning. My mother said that I could 3__________________________
_____________________________________
(either/take a taxi/or/ride her scooter) to school. I decided to take a taxi. Unfortunately, there was a traffic jam on my way to school. So, when I arrived at my school, it was 9:30. I 4____________________________________
____________________________________
(neither/go to school in time/nor/take the test). What a bad day it was!
參考解答
A.
1. Jane may find the note either on the desk or in the drawer.
2. You may find Jim either in the living room or in the kitchen.
3. Mary is fond of neither tea nor milk.
4. Kevin likes neither swimming nor hiking.
5. You should either go to bed early this evening or stop complaining about feeling tired in class.
6. Neither I nor Carl likes cooking.
B.
1. either to stay at home or to go to school
2. neither the students nor the teachers
3. either take a taxi or ride her scooter
4. neither went to school in time nor took the test
English Workshop
I. Discussing Cause and Effect
1. 解釋說明原因和結果的對話內容常會出現在日常生活情境中，一個事件的發生必定有其因果，教師可列出一些句子，有些表原因，有些表結果，然後讓學生來分辨。此外，因和果也是很好的作文練習題材，可以幫助學生訓練邏輯思考的能力。所以，這個單元介紹了一些可以表達因果關係的連接詞。because/so是最常見的因果連接詞，和中文不同的是，在英語語法裡，表因或果的連接詞不會出現在同一個句子裡。老師在讓學生練習課本中列出的連接詞時，可以再次提醒。
2. 此外，教師在帶領這一活動時，也可以先詢問學生在過去有學過哪些表達因果關係的連接詞，以讓學生複習。做本單元活動時，教師可以多列舉一些例子來幫助學生了解因和果的區別，建議以學生熟悉的情況為例，像是上學遲到因為沒趕上公車、考試不及格因為沒有認真讀書等。以下分別列出因、果和利用連接詞說明因果關係的句子可供學生練習：
Causes:
(1) Andrew studied hard.
(2) This hotel has fine service.
(3) The traffic jam
(4) It is a lovely sunny day.
(5) Allen told a lie.
Effects:
‧ He had no time for fun
‧ People would like to come back again.
‧ I was late for school.
‧ Could we go on a picnic?
‧ He was punished.
Causes & Effects:
(1) Andrew studied so hard that he had no
time for fun.
(2) This hotel has such fine service that people would like to come back again.
(3) As a result of the traffic jam, I was late for school!
(4) Since it is a lovely sunny day, could we go on a picnic?
(5) Allen told a lie, and thus he was punished.
II. Oral Practice: Cause and Effect
1. 進行此活動時，教師可以先引導學生舉出一件最近發生的事(班上的或個人的事件皆可)，然後讓學生們討論其中的原因和導致的結果。例如：以最近班上很多同學帶手機到校為例，以此為原因，請學生說出其產生的結果；或者以很多同學成績進步但也有些同學成績退步為例，以此為結果，請學生說出影響此結果的原因，並要求學生以課本所給的連接詞完成因果關係的句子。
2. 上述兩個例子的參考解答如下：
例一(手機)：
(1) Since more and more students bring cell phones to school, some teachers have found it a big problem.
(2) Some students are distracted because they answer their cell phones during class.
(3) Many students use cell phones frequently; therefore, the school has decided to make new rules for this situation.
例二(成績)：
(1) One third of the students' English grades improved because of their diligence in learning.
(2) Some students had spent too much time playing online games; as a result, they did less well than before in schoolwork.
(3) Most of the students did well in the midterm because they had paid full attention in class.
Conversation
在看了「明天過後」這部電影之後，兩位學生，喬治和芭芭拉正在討論全球暖化的問題。
(G = 喬治，B = 芭芭拉)
G: 看過電影「明天過後」真的讓我對全球暖化的現象感到不安。
B: 為什麼？它不就只是一部災難片嗎？
G: 我想恐怕不是。那些來自我們的車子和工廠的污染確實正在使地球的溫度上升。
B: 這怎麼可能？那些只是無害的煙塵，不是嗎？
G: 不是的。所有那些氣體上升至空中而阻礙了太陽的熱氣逸出至外太空，所以地球就變得越來越熱。
B: 嗯，難怪人們會說「無火不起煙」(事出必有因)。但是，認真說來，為什麼要擔心較溫暖的天氣？我想要有比較暖和的冬天。
G: 我們是該要擔心！在格陵蘭島和阿拉斯加的冰河正在快速地溶化。…
1. The Day After Tomorrow「明天過後」是一部在2004年5月底上映的電影，內容描述的是溫室效應在未來嚴重惡化，全球暖化現象改變了氣候，讓地球面臨冰封的危機。詳細內容請參閱下列網站：
http://www.foxhome.com/dayaftertomorrow/
2. disaster movie為「災難片」，以下補充一些常見的電影種類：
romance 愛情片
documentary 紀錄片
animated cartoon 動畫片
3-D movie 立體電影
horror movie/thriller 恐怖片
kung-fu movie 功夫片
comic movie 喜劇片
science fiction (sci-fi) movie 科幻片
3. I'm afraid not.
→ I am afraid it is not just another disaster movie.
對話中，當你要以客氣有禮的方式來表達不同意對方說的話時，可以用I am afraid./I am afraid not.來引出你不同的想法或意見。此外，I am afraid.也可以表示道歉之意，但並非真正做錯事而道歉，是一種禮貌的表達，例：
‧I am afraid I can't go.
4. ...stop the sun's heat from escaping...
stop...from...為「阻止…做…」。例：
‧Nothing will stop Mark from marrying Jane.
5. ...the world is getting hotter and hotter.
此為「比較級 + and + 比較級」的用法，表示「越來越…」。例：
‧Things are getting better and better every day.
6. Well...
well常在口語中出現，在不同情境中，它可以表達不同的意思。在這句中，此處說話者用well來對之前說過的話(It's just harmless smoke...)呈現想法的改變，且表示理解對方的說法並想再加上自己的註解 (people say "There's no smoke without fire.")。
7. There's no smoke without fire.
此為一英文諺語。字面上的翻譯為沒有火哪來的煙，暗喻某人若被傳言做某壞事，雖然無法確定是否屬實，但想必事出有因，非常有可能是真實的。
8. ...why worry about warmer weather?
→ Why do you worry about warmer weather?
G: …這將造成海平面上升，而且未來很多城市都有可能被海水淹沒。
B: 那會是一個嚴重的問題。
G: 是的，因為全球暖化，地球將變得更溫暖，海平面也將在未來持續上升。
B: 真嚇人。現在我覺得自己像是生活在災難片裡。
9. feel like在此表示「感覺起來像是…」。例：
‧I have only studied English for twenty minutes, but it feels like ten hours!
關於全球暖化的原因和可能造成的影響可參閱下列網站：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming
Listening Practice
本課聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型，在進行測驗前，教師可先讓同學複習以下的字彙，以增進他們的理解能力。
1. glacier n. [C] 冰河
melt vi. 融化
2. oversleep vi. 睡過頭
wake up 醒來，起床
3. flood n. [C] 洪水，水災
typhoon n. [C] 颱風
5. diet n. [C] 飲食
[聽力腳本]
1. M: Do you know that the glaciers in Greenland are getting smaller?
W: No, I don't know that. Why is this happening?
M: Global warming is causing them to melt.
Q: What is causing the glaciers to melt?
2. W: Why are you so late today, Charles?
M: Sorry, ma'am. I overslept.
W: Please try to wake up earlier.
Q: Why was Charles late for class?
3. M: Global warming will probably cause sea
levels to rise even higher.
W: Yes. If so, there will be terrible floods in many cities.
Q: What will cause the floods?
4. M: Let's go to that place again. I love the dinner we had there before.
W: Yes. The steak really tasted delicious.
Q: Why did they like about the restaurant?
5. M: If you want to stay healthy, you must eat well.
W: For sure. An apple a day keeps the doctor away!
Q: What did they think keeps people healthy?
☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1. hide oneself 隱藏自己；whenever 每當…
3. HBL Final為「高中籃球聯賽的決賽」。
4. because of + NP 因為…
5. local adj. 地方的
8. score n. [C] 分數
9. "be able to + V"表示「能夠…」。
"by + V-ing"表示「藉由…方法」。
10. "an expert at..."為「…方面的專家」。
II. Multiple Choice
1. "either...or..."的句型中，以接近動詞者的主詞來決定動詞單複數，故本題以Johnny來決定動詞。
2. "taste like"後需接名詞，表示「嚐起來像…」。
4. "stop sb (from) doing sth"表示「阻止某人做某事」，from可省略。
5. 因空格後是V-ing (going)，故需用介系詞片語instead of。
6. "such + a + Adj + N + that-clause"為「如此…以至於…」之意。
7. since在此當「因為，由於」之意。
9. 這句原本為The car accident which was caused by the driver's carelessness killed three people。關係代名詞which和was同時被省略，故答案為(D)。
10. 本題不可選(A)，原因為for example前須有分號，後須有逗號，故答案為(D)。
III. Guided Translation
1. not at all 一點也不
2. on time 準時
☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 發燒地球200年，蓋爾‧克里斯欽森著，黃小萍譯。野人出版，2006。
2. 地球暖化，怎麼辦？：請看「京都議定書」
的退燒妙方？，葉欣誠著。新自然主義出 版，2006。
B. 相關網站
1. http://e-info.org.tw/issue/environ/climate/
2004/cl04010901.htm
(環境資訊中心──全球暖化)
2. http://earth.fg.tp.edu.tw/learn/elnino/enso.htm
(聖嬰現象)
3. http://gis2.sinica.edu.tw/epa/kyoto.html
(京都議定書)
4. http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/season/
sp201.htm
(全球溫室效應問題)
2009年12月12日 星期六
2009年12月11日 星期五
英文第五冊第八課課文解說
☆教學目標
1. 認識出生排行對自己潛在的影響，進而學習如何以英語介紹自己的出生排行以及個性特徵。
2. 學會並活用本課單字、片語以及下列兩個句型：
(1) whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
(2) Not until + + ... + Aux/be + + ....
3. 藉由課文閱讀及課堂活動，讓學生學習如何以英文探討身為長子女和老么的優缺點。
☆本課導讀
本課引用心理學家的說法點出出生順序會對人的個性、性格特徵等產生影響，其中，更說明出生順序可能會造成性格上的差異以及對未來的影響，例如工作的選擇等。
其後，文章分別提到長子和其後出生的孩子在個性上的優缺點，並以此為根據分別說明較適合他們個性的職業。
然而，在了解出生順序對人們的影響之後，每個人可以意識到自己的性格和行為，這種認知有助於幫助個人改掉個性當中較不理想的部分，並舉出一對結婚的夫妻為例說明。
最後，文章指出沒有任何一個出生排行是最好的，因為不同的出生順序有其不同的優缺點；不過，若能了解這些性格上的傾向，則可以加強提升好的部分而減低壞的部分。
Warm-up
1. 本課的課前活動為六張古今中外名人的照片，由上至下，由左至右分別是李小龍、張惠妹、李安、J.K. Rowling、馬友友以及國父孫中山先生，請學生猜測這六位知名人士的出生排行以及說明如此猜測的原因，藉由活動可以讓學生大致了解文章的主題，以順利進入正文。
2. 若時間許可，教師也可進一步詢問學生以下的問題，以對出生排行以及個性特徵有更深入的討論：
(1) What is your birth order/rank in your family?
(2) Please use five adjectives to describe your characteristics and think about how your birth order may affect your personality.
(3) If you can choose your own birth order, what would be your choice? Why?
Reading
心理學家早已察覺出生順序通常會創造特定的人格特質。他們指出，家裡最先出生的小孩通常在早期就發展出領導的能力傾向。這主要是因為家長賦予他們照顧弟妹的責任。但是如果長子女將這樣的角色發揮得太過極端時，就會適得其反，可能長大後會變成專橫的人。
1. Psychologists have long been aware [that birth order...personality traits].
(1) S + be aware + that¬clause。例：
‧The government isn't aware that the economic
condition is getting worse and worse.
(2) that引導名詞子句，作為aware的受詞。
2. They have stated that whoever was born....
3. This is mainly because these people are given the responsibility of looking after younger siblings by their parents.
(1) this is because用於解釋之前提出的現象之原因。例：
‧Josh is never late for school. This is because he always gets up early.
(2) look after = care for = take care of，表示「照顧」。
‧As a class leader, I have to look after many things in my class.
4. The danger is [that if the older sibling takes that role..., he or she can become... ].
that子句在此作主詞補語，子句中包含if的真實條件句，表示狀況很有可能發生。
布蘭迪斯大學的華特‧托曼教授針對將近三千人進行研究後，發現長子女通常對於成就有最強烈的動機，這主要是因為家長高度期望的結果。
1. Studies of nearly 3,000 people done by....
本句還原後為：Studies of nearly 3,000 people which/that were done by....。
2. ... the most strongly motivated toward achievement.
(1) the most表示最高級，strongly為副詞，修飾之後的形容詞motivated。
(2) toward「朝向」後接受詞achievement。例：
‧We are working hard toward a peaceful
world.
3. a result of表示「為…的結果」，其後接名詞(N)或動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧The championship is a result of our efforts.
此研究和其他的研究也指出，長子女通常會比其弟妹來得保守，因為父母對他們的管教最多。由於他們習慣照顧別人，他們較有可能去從事和領導能力相關的行業，如教學或從政。…
1. Used to caring for others, they are more likely to move ....
(1) be used to意為「習慣於…」，後接V¬ing，原句是由副詞子句省略的分詞構句用法，可還原為：Because they are used to caring for others, they....。
(2) be more likely to + V...意為「較有可能做…」。例：
‧Pete is more likely to disagree on this
proposal.
…然而，他們有缺乏社交和變通能力的傾向，因為他們在年幼時就已經習慣獨自行動。因此，他們較不易結交親密的朋友。
2. ...they tend to be less social and flexible because they became accustomed to acting alone....
(1) tend to...意為「傾向於做…」。例：
‧Teenagers tend to follow the latest fashions.
(2) become/get accustomed to + N/V¬ing表示「習慣於…」。例：
‧The old couple became/got accustomed to
the country life.
‧We become/get accustomed to jogging
before breakfast.
3. have difficulty + (in) V¬ing
這個用法表示「做…有困難」，原本置於difficulty後的介系詞in常被省略，故其後若接動詞，須改為動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧All my classmates had difficulty figuring out
the answer to the math problem.
相較之下，較晚出生的孩子通常都表現得比較輕鬆及好相處，因為他們出生時，他們的父母都是比較輕鬆的。然而，這些較晚出生的孩子通常比較沒有企圖心，也對為別人做決定感到不安。因此，他們通常會選擇適合這種個性的工作，例如：音樂家、藝術家或是作家。
1. by contrast可置於句首或句中，用來表示前後的敘述有強烈的對比。例：
‧Andy is good at math and science. By contrast
, his sister is good at art and music.
2. ...feel uncomfortable + V¬ing...意為「對於做…感到不安」。例：
‧I feel uncomfortable challenging others'
opinions.
3. ... find work that fits this kind of personality ....
(1) find work = get a job，表示「找工作」。
(2) fit = be suitable for，表示「適合」。例：
‧They are trying to think of a slogan that fits the
new product.
較晚出生的孩子通常是好的推銷員，因為說服能力可能是他們對抗長子女勢力的唯一工具。他們像是永遠長不大的「嬰兒」。…
1. Later born children often make ....
在此make表示「具備成為…應有的特質」。例：
‧It is a stereotype that men make better soldiers
and engineers than women.
2. ... the only tool they had to fight against the power of the eldest.
(1) 原句可還原為：...the only tool that they had....，在本句中，關係代名詞that當受詞用，故可省略。
(2) fight against + N為「對抗…」之意。例：
‧The UK fought against Germany in World
War I.
…有他們在周圍是很有樂趣的，但是他們可能會變得過度依賴他人。
3. become overdependent on + N意為「變得過度依賴…」，on之後接名詞作其受詞。例：
‧Since Jessie is the only child in her family,
she becomes overdependent on her parents.
縱然出生順序顯然只是眾多影響人格發展的因素之一，但是其影響力是不容忽視的。另一位心理學家露西爾‧佛勒曾經說過，當人們終於知道他們的出生順序是如何地影響著他們的行為時，他們就不會覺得改變是如此可怕。
1. ...when people could finally understand how their birth order caused them to react , they would not find change so threatening .
(1) how their birth...them to react為疑問詞引導的名詞子句，作understand的受詞。
(2) ...findchangeso threatening.
此為find + O + OC (Adj)的用法，形容詞threatening用來修飾受詞change。例：
‧I found the TV program quite interesting.
了解出生順序有時候可以幫助一段婚姻運作更融洽。不久之前，佛勒博士在幫助一位很強勢以至於婚姻生活出了問題的女士。佛勒博士說一直要到這位女士了解自己的行為傾向，她才開始調整自己的行為。
1. ...a woman who was so dominant that her marriage was in trouble.
so...that...表示「如此…以至於…」。例：
‧My parents are so conservative that they
cannot accept any new ideas.
2. ... not until the woman understood her tendencies could she begin....
原句可還原為：The woman could not begin to modify her behavior until she understood her tendencies.。
麥達‧韋伯斯特，美國康乃迪克州的一位家庭治療師，最近舉辦了一場名為「出生順序因素」的研討會。她提到一對對彼此有諸多抱怨的夫妻，其問題就在於他們兩位都不願意在婚姻中扛起領導者的角色。當被指出很可能是因為他們都是較晚出生孩子的緣故，他們才明白問題所在。
1. Maida Webster, a family therapist in Connecticut, recently held a workshop called ....
(1) a family therapist in Connecticut為Maida Webster的同位語。
(2) a workshop (which was) called...中的which was被省略。
2. ... neither of them was willing to take over....
neither在此為代名詞，neither of them表示「兩者皆不」，後接單數動詞，故用was。例：
‧Neither of the movies is interesting.
「到底有沒有完美的婚姻組合呢？」有人問韋伯斯特女士。她說：「無論是在工作或個人的人際關係上，人與人之間最好的相處模式就是重複孩童時期的模式，也就是說嫁娶出生順序不同的人會比較有利。對比之下，如果夫妻雙方都是同樣的出生順序，將來很可能會有衝突發生。」
1. ...the patterns of childhood, which means [ that it helps to marry someone who was...].
(1) which引導非限定的關係子句，用來補充說明前面people seem to...childhood這句話。例：
‧Linda is an easygoing girl, which means
that she can get along well with others.
(2) that子句在此當動詞means的受詞。
(3) help在此為「促進，有利於」之意。例：
‧I hope the money helps to solve your financial
problem.
2. in contrast表示「對比之下」，用來強調前後敘述間強烈的對比。例：
‧Mark is diligent and kind. In contrast, his
brother, Jason, is lazy and mean.
「有最佳的出生順序嗎？」另一人問道。韋伯斯特女士說沒有並且說每一個排行位置都有其優缺點。然而，她繼續說道：「藉由認清自己的個性傾向，我們可以加強善用自己的正面特質並使負面特質減到最低的機會。」
1. ... that there were advantages and disadvantages to every position.
(1) that前省略重複的said。
(2) advantages and disadvantages表示「優缺點」。以下為表示優缺點的類似用語：good points and bad points、strengths and weaknesses和pluses and minuses。
2. ...she went on to say that by recognizing tendencies...to make the most of positive traits... ones .
(1) go on to + V為「繼續做…」之意。例：
‧After examining my mouth, the doctor went on
to examine my chest.
(2) make the most of sth = get the most out of sth，表示「從…中獲取最大利益，儘量利用…」。例：
‧Susan wants to make the most of her
summer vacation and plans several trips and activities.
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題詢問為何長子或長女通常在早期培養出領導的特質，該題的答案在課文第一段，教師可以給學生一些時間將課文摘要後作答。
2. 第二題詢問學生是否同意課文中提到的論點出生順序會影響一個人的性格並且解釋其同意或不同意的原因；本題用意在讓學生分享彼此的看法，可讓學生以分組討論的方式進行。
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. trait n. [C]特質，特點
‧Some cancers are linked to some personality traits.
2. tendency
(1) n. [C]傾向
‧Parents have to pay more attention to children with suicidal tendencies.
‧As a gifted child, Diane has showed her artistic tendencies at an early age.
(2) n. [C]潮流，趨勢
‧There is a tendency for the new principal to make educational reform.
‧There seems to be a tendency towards globalization in recent years.
tend vi.傾向
‧People tend to feel nervous when they face an
unfamiliar situation.
‧The students in Asian countries tend to pay more
attention to their academic performances.
3. extreme n. [C]極端，極度
‧Extremes meet. [諺]物極必反。
‧Love and hatred are two extremes of
emotions.
‧Tina is a moody girl; her emotions often go from
one extreme to the other.
‧Sue usually takes/carries everything to extremes.
extreme adj.極端的，極度的
‧Children in some underdeveloped countries are
living in extreme poverty.
‧Be sure to drive with extreme caution.
extremely adv.非常，極其
‧Ryan's ideas on economical reform are
extremely radical.
4. conservative adj.保守的，守舊的
‧My grandmother is quite conservative, and she
thinks women should stay at home instead of
going out to work.
‧Some people are naturally conservative. They do
not accept new ideas easily.
conservative n. [C]保守主義者
‧Terry is a born conservative. He is still opposed
to women going out to work.
5. discipline n. [U]紀律
‧Because of his inexperience, the young teacher can not maintain discipline in his class.
‧The army is famous for the strict discipline.
‧The students in this vocational high school are under good discipline.
discipline vt.管教，處罰
‧The piano teacher is strict about disciplining his
students.
‧The student was disciplined for cheating on the
exam.
‧Try to discipline yourself to do exercise every
day. It's good for your health.
6. politics n. [U]政治(事務)
‧Aaron has gone into politics since he served as
the mayor of the city.
‧A politician plays politics, while a statesman
cares about the people and affairs of his country.
political adj.政治的
‧There are two main political parties in Taiwan.
politician n. [C]政客
‧Larry is an ambitious politician.
7. social
(1) adj.社交的
‧Cooperating with others can help us learn social
skills.
(2) adj.社會的
‧There are many social problems, such as poverty,
unemployment, and housing shortages.
‧Students have to take some courses related to
social science in order to have a better
understanding of their own society.
society n. [C][U]社會
‧It is lucky that we are living in a highly
civilized society.
‧Our society has to support more and more
elderly people in the future
sociable adj.愛交際的
‧Mary is a sociable person, enjoying being with
new friends.
8. flexible adj.可變通的，靈活的
‧We can go to the movies either on Sunday or on
Saturday; the schedule is quite flexible.
‧My parents are flexible about what time I
should go to bed.
flexibility n. [U]靈活性，適應性
‧You have great flexibility in the money and can
decide how to use it.
9. accustomed adj.習慣於…
‧After a while, my eyes were gradually accustomed to the dark.
‧They get accustomed to taking a walk after dinner.
‧I become accustomed to sleeping late on the weekends.
11. ambitious adj.野心勃勃的，有雄心的
‧Jane is ambitious for success in her painting
career.
‧The politician is ambitious to get control of that
party.
ambition n. [U]野心，抱負
‧Bruce will pay any cost to realize his ambition.
12. factor n. [C]因素，要素
‧These are all the factors which have to be taken
into consideration if we want to succeed.
‧Time and money are the most important
factors in the matter.
‧Luck and opportunity are the major factors in
Steve's success.
13. ignore vt.忽視，忽略
‧Mike ignored my advice and failed to get into
the college.
‧I said hello to Danna, but she completely
ignored me.
ignorance n. [U]無知
‧George's comments showed his ignorance of the situation.
‧In old times, men intended to keep women in
ignorance of everything.
‧All Helen's friends are in complete ignorance
of her wedding.
ignorant adj.無知的
‧Joseph is ignorant of art and music.
‧I'm entirely ignorant about what happened these
days.
14. dominant adj.支配的，佔優勢的
‧The United States is one of the dominant
countries in the world.
dominate vt.支配，控制
‧Tom's desire for money totally dominates his
behavior.
‧The gangsters seem to dominate the teenagers of
this community.
‧Jason's dishonest behavior was dominated by his
greed.
domination n. [U]控制，統治
‧The country is under the president's domination.
15. modify vt.修正，修改
‧The product has to be slightly modified to meet
the needs of most customers.
modification n. [C][U]修正，修改
‧Some important modifications have to be
made to the plan.
‧The burglary last month resulted in the
modification of the security camera in the store.
16. workshop n. [C]研討會
‧The Chinese teacher runs a short¬story writing
workshop.
‧The workshop was held to help people better
understand how their birth order affected their
characters.
17. couple
(1) n. [C]夫妻；情侶
‧A newly married couple has bought the
apartment.
(2) n. [C] (sing.)一(對)，一(雙)
‧The visitors will stay in Taiwan for a couple of
days.
18. combination n. [C][U]結合，組合
‧The play is a combination of dance and music.
‧The combination of black and white makes gray.
‧Remember not to take the medicine in
combination with grapefruit juice.
combine vt.結合，組合
‧Fox combined his thoughts with the information
he collected to work on his paper.
19. position
(1) n. [C]位置
‧The office is in a central position near the Taipei
Railway Station.
(2) n. [C]姿勢
‧I changed my position so that I wouldn't feel
uncomfortable.
(3) n. [C]職位，工作
‧Many freshmen hope to apply for a position in a
well¬organized company.
20. advantage n. [C][U]優勢，優點
‧It will be to your advantage to book hotels
before you take a trip to Paris.
‧Your advice is of great advantage to me.
‧Our baseball team finally got an advantage over
other teams.
‧Many young people today have the advantage of
computer skills.
‧We can take advantage of the holiday to clean
up the house.
advantageous adj.有利的
‧Philip's social skills will be advantageous to
his business.
disadvantage n. [C]劣勢，缺點
‧It is a disadvantage for Lucy to be unable to use
the computer.
‧The lack of related background information
will be to your disadvantage.
‧Today anyone who can't speak English is at a
disadvantage.
21. minimize vt.使減到最小(量或程度)
‧The doctors and nurses made every effort to
minimize casualties in the air crash.
minimum n. [C] (sing.)最小量
‧The company can produce high quality products
with a minimum of costs.
22. negative
(1) adj.負面的；消極的
‧Jack's attitude toward his work was very
negative, so he was fired.
(2) adj.有害的
‧Drinking has a negative effect on people's health.
II. Words for Recognition
1. psychologist n. [C]心理學家
‧Psychologists do many experiments in order to
explain human behavior.
psychology n. [U]心理學
‧Lily's major in college is social psychology.
2. sibling n. [C]兄弟或姐妹
‧Sibling rivalry always causes parents' concern.
3. bossy adj.愛發號施令的，專橫的
‧Andy yelled at everyone in his bossy voice.
4. Brandeis University n. (美國) 布蘭迪斯大學
布蘭迪斯大學為位於美國麻薩諸塞州波士頓近郊的一所私立高等學校，該大學建立於1948年，為美國第一間由猶太人主辦的大學。該校雖成立只有數十年，卻在美國教育界頗具地位，被譽為「全美最年輕的主要研究院大學」，為一所自然科學和人文社會科學並重的學校。
5. firstborn adj. (子女)最年長的，頭胎的
firstbornn. [C] (sing.)長子，長女
‧Firstborn children are often expected to take
the responsibility of taking care of their
younger siblings.
7. Connecticut n. (美國) 康乃迪克州
康乃狄克州位於美國東北部，為最早的十三州之一；哈特福為其首府兼第二大人口集中區，以保險業著稱，逾50家保險公司總部設於該州，且其中多數集中在哈特福，為全美最富裕的都會區之一。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. by contrast (= in contrast)相較之下，對比之下
‧Danny is very polite, but, by contrast, his sister
is quite rude.
‧Amelia, in contrast to the other girls, is well¬
behaved.
‧Meg's red dress is a sharp contrast to her black
shoes.
2. in trouble 在困境中
‧When you are in trouble, don't hesitate to tell me.
‧The train ran into trouble soon after it left the
train station.
‧Addicted to drugs, Peter finally got into trouble.
3. take over 接管
‧The young man has taken over the company
since his father retired last year.
此外，take (sth) over from sb表示「為某人頂替(某事)」。例：
‧Could you take over from me for a moment?
4. get along
(1) 和睦相處
‧Rita gets along with her coworkers rather well.
(2) 進展
‧How are you getting along with your new job?
Grammar in Use
1. whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
此句型為複合關係代名詞whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever引導名詞子句的用法。複合關係代名詞由關係代名詞(who、whom、whose、which、what等)字尾加上¬ever所形成，兼具先行詞與關係代名詞的作用，可以用來引導名詞子句。請見下表：
主格 所有格 受格
whoever whosever whomever
whichever × whichever
whatever × whatever
在子句中，這些複合關係代名詞可以作主詞、受詞或用來修飾其後的名詞。例：
‧I will take whoever (= anyone who) wants to
go to the market. (在子句中作主詞)
‧Whoever (= Anyone who) breaks the law
should be punished. (在子句中作主詞)
‧Give the letter to whosever (= anyone whose)
name is on it. (在子句中修飾名詞name)
‧Give the flowers to whomever (= anyone
whom) you like. (在子句中作like的受詞)
‧There are two cups on the table. You can take
whichever (= either one of them that) you like. (在子句中作like的受詞)
‧I will do whatever (= anything that) you want
me to do. (在子句中作do的受詞)
其中，whichever和whatever還可作形容詞，可以修飾子句中的名詞。例：
‧You may take whichever book will interest you.
‧I like whatever food my mom cooks.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型填入適當的複合關係代名詞以完成
句子。
1. ________ visits our city is welcome.
2. The traveler has to buy ________ is needed for
the trip.
3. Here are some magazines. You can take
________ you like.
4.The poor man is thankful to ________ has
given him a hand.
5.I'll give the present to ________ I like.
B.根據句型改寫下列句子。
1.Anyone who tells a lie is a liar.
→
2.You may invite anyone whom you like to your
birthday party.
→
3.Please send the invitation to anyone whose name is on the list.
→
4.There are two cakes here; you can take any one of them that you like.
→
5.You can use anything that you find in the room.
→
參考解答
A.
1. Whoever 2. whatever 3. whichever
4. whoever 5. whomever
B.
1.Whoever tells a lie is a liar.
2.You may invite whomever you like to your
birthday party.
3.Please send the invitation to whosever name is
on the list.
4.There are two cakes here; you can take
whichever you like.
5.You can use whatever you find in the room.
.
補充資料
太魯閣族長子護族，幼子繼承
花蓮縣萬榮鄉除了馬遠村為布農族之外，其他的全都是泰雅族部落，全鄉的泰雅族人約有五千六百多人。以往的泰雅族，嚴格執行一夫一妻制，並且認定這種婚姻制度是最好的，他們將多夫或多妻視為可恥的行為，並且認為透過結婚可以傳宗接代，亦能生男育女以防老。
若被族人立為家族保護人的長子或長女，便身負二項任務：其中一項為負責供養父母親，另一則為保護年幼的弟妹。不過因該族施行核心家庭的制度，子女婚後即與父母分居，父母留幼子與其同住，因此有了幼子繼承家屋的習俗，由於長子要保護家族，幼子要留與父母同住，故長幼子皆必須結婚，家中若無男子，長女即為家族保護人，亦即須行招贅婚。
參考資料：
http://www.ttcsec.gov.tw/netscape/index.php
(花東地區社會教育資源服務網)
2. Not until + S1 + V1... + Aux/be + S2 + V2....
此句型主要是練習not until放在句首的強調法，此時主要子句得用倒裝語序。在改寫的過程中，教師可以運用畫底線的方式幫助學生理解。例：
‧The little girl didn't stop crying until her mother
returned.
→ Not until her mother returned did the little
girl stop crying.
‧I couldn't understand the rules until May
explained them to me.
→Not until May explained the rules to me could
I understand them.
‧You can't go out to play until you finish your
homework.
→Not until you finish your homework can you
go out to play.
句型分析
教師可視上課時數以及學生程度斟酌補充下列用法。上述句型也可以改為：
It + is/was + not until... + that S1 + V1....
‧It was not until her mother returned that the
little girl stopped crying.
‧ It was not until May explained the rules to me that I understood them.
‧It is not until you finish your homework that
you can go out to play.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型改寫下列句子。
1. People do not know the meaning of freedom
until they lose it.
→
2. The thief didn't tell the truth until the judge
questioned him.
→
3. Tim could not figure out the math problem until
his classmate helped him.
→
4. The baby did not stop crying until he was
comforted.
→
5.Some teenagers can not stop playing online
games until their parents get mad.
→
A.
1. Not until people lose freedom do they know
the meaning of it.
2. Not until the judge questioned the thief did he
tell the truth.
3. Not until Tim's classmate helped him could
he figure out the math problem.
4. Not until the baby was comforted did he stop
crying.
5. Not until their parents get mad can some
teenagers stop playing online games.
B. 根據句型和提示字回答下列問題。第一句以
直述句回答，第二句以倒裝句回答。
1. When did you know the importance of English?
(until I had to use it)
→
→
2. When do people know the value of money?
(until they are in debt)
→
→
3. When could Anna spell the word?
(until her classmate helped her)
→
→
4.When did the drunken driver stop his car?
(until he was stopped by a police officer)
→
→
5.When did the boy behave himself? (until he was
punished by his parents)
→
→
B.
1-1. I didn’t know the importance of English until
I had to use it.
1-2. Not until I had to use English did I know the
importance of it.
2-1. People don’t know the value of money until
they are in debt.
2-2. Not until people are in debt do they know the
value of money.
3-1. Anna couldn’t spell the word until her
classmate helped her.
3-2. Not until Anna's classmate helped her could
she spell the word.
4-1. The drunken driver didn't stop his car until
he was stopped by a police officer.
4-2. Not until the drunken driver was stopped by
a police officer did he stop his car.
5-1. The boy didn’t behave himself until he was
punished by his parents.
5-2. Not until the boy was punished by his
parents did he behave himself.
English Workshop
Birth Order and Personality
本活動目的在使學生了解不同出生順序在英文中的說法，同時也提供一些個性特徵的用語讓學生可以練習向他人介紹自己的排行及個性特徵。以下補充一些和出生順序相關的個性特徵：
◎ The Only Child
‧Is pampered and spoiled.
‧Feels incompetent because adults are more
capable.
‧Is center of attention.
‧Is self-centered.
‧Relies on service from others rather than
his/her own efforts.
‧Feels unfairly treated when he or she doesn't
get his/her own way.
‧May refuse to cooperate.
◎ The First Child
‧Is only child for a period of time; used to be
center of attention.
‧Gains and holds superiority over other
children.
‧May respond to the birth of second child by
feeling unloved and neglected.
‧Strives to keep or regain parents' attention
through conformity. If this fails, he/she
chooses to misbehave.
‧May develop competent, responsible behavior
or become very discouraged.
‧Sometimes strives to protect and help others.
◎ The Middle Child of Three
‧Has neither rights of the oldest nor privileges
of the youngest.
‧Feels life is unfair.
‧Feels unloved, left out, “squeezed.”
‧Feels that he/she doesn't have a place in
family.
‧Becomes discouraged and "problem child" or
elevates self by pushing down other siblings.
‧Is adaptable.
‧Learns to deal with both the oldest and
youngest sibling.
◎ The Youngest Child
‧Behaves like only child.
‧Feels every one bigger and more capable.
‧Expects others to do things, make decisions,
take responsibility.
‧Feels smallest and weakest.
‧May not be taken seriously
‧Becomes boss of family in getting service and
his/her own way.
‧Develops feelings of inferiority or becomes
“speeder” and overtakes older siblings.
‧Remains "the baby." Places others in service.
‧If the youngest of three, often allies with the
oldest child against middle child.
以上資料摘錄自：
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/
birth_order.htm
Conversation
兩個學生正在討論他們對出生排行的偏好。
(R =羅傑，N =妮娜)
R: 當老大或是當老么，你比較喜歡哪一個？
N: 我寧願當老么。我的小妹很幸運，因為她
比較受到我父母的注意。
R: 我是我們家最小的，但是我比較喜歡當最
大的。我的大哥被允許可以做更多的事。
舉例來說，他可以晚回家。
N: 身為最大的孩子，如果我做錯事，我會馬
上被處罰。但是我的妹妹通常可以逃過責
罰。
R: 嗯，我認為當老大的另一個好處是，他們
被允許自己處理事情。舉例來說，我的父
母常常要我在他們面前做功課。我的大哥
就可以在他的房間裡做功課。
N: 我還是寧願當最小的。身為老大，我是第
一個要考重要考試的人。甚至在我唸完國
中之前，我的父母已經在討論我的大學和
工作計畫了。
R: 但是，弟妹總是要追隨兄姐的腳步。如果
我的大哥通過某一項考試，我覺得我也必
須達成同樣的目標。
1. I’d rather be the youngest.
would rather + V 寧願…
‧Elva would rather stay at home than go out
today.
→ Elva prefers to stay at home rather than go
out today.
2. ...I’d prefer to be the eldest.
prefer to... 偏好…
‧Eric prefers to study and listen to music at the
same time.
3. My elder brother is allowed to do more things.
be allowed to...為「被允許…」之意。例：
‧I am allowed to go abroad this summer
vacation.
4. stay out是指「在外逗留」，而stay out late
則是「晚歸」。例：
‧My mother is worried whenever my brother
stays out late.
5. ...usually avoid being punished.
avoid + V-ing... 避免…
‧We should avoid going out at midnight.
6. ...has to follow the elder one.
follow在此為「仿效」之意。
follow sb into sth 仿效某人從事某項工作
follow in sb’s footsteps 追隨某人的腳步
‧Sue followed her mother into a teaching career.
‧Mr. Jackson is a businessman and hopes his son
to follow in his footsteps.
N: 事實上，在我經歷所有的辛苦奮鬥之後，
我還被期待要幫我妹妹通過她的考試。這
很不公平。
R: 你的妹妹真幸運。我的大哥總是說他沒有
空幫我任何事。
7. ...I feel I have to achieve the same thing.
achieve + N 達成…
‧Simon finally achieved his goal of becoming
an astronaut.
8. It’s not fair.
意為「這並不公平」，用於抱怨某人有差別待遇，對待其他人比對待說話者更好。
9. ...he doesn't have time to help me with
anything.
help sb with sth 幫某人(做)…
‧I always help my parents with the housework.
Listening Practice
本單元是讓學生練習全民英檢聽力的「問答」題型，題目內容與答案均與本課字彙、片語或句型相關，請督促學生用心練習。
[聽力腳本]
1. What would you rather do tonight, go to the
movies or watch a basketball game on TV?
2. I’d prefer to be an ordinary employee rather
than a boss. How about you?
3. Would you like to eat Indian or Chinese food
tonight?
4. Would you prefer to live in the city or the
country?
5. Do you really think it's better to have siblings?
☆ 課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1.thanks to + N為「幸虧，由於」之意；
improper adj.不適當的
2. extremes of wealth and poverty表示「貧富懸
殊」。
4. a flexible schedule表示「有彈性的課程或行
事曆」；關係代名詞which在此引導非限定
的關係子句修飾前面整個句子(A
flexible...essential)。
6. go on a diet = be on a diet，表示「節食」。
8. compared with...表示「與…比較」。
9. have a negative influence on + N為「對…有負
面的影響」之意。
III. Cloze Test
1. 這裡缺一個表示人的複合關係代名詞作主詞
的用法，故用whoever。
2. because銜接後面子句，表示「原因」。
3. in addition補充說明最年長孩子的其他個性特
質。
5. 因為接下來要敘述後出生孩子的個性特質，
以顯示與最年長孩子間的差異，故用by
contrast。
6. therefore在此表示推論結果，敘述適合後出
生孩子個性特質的工作。
☆ 其他相關參考資料
相關網站
1.http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/article.php?id=28985 (商業周刊排行教養學)
2.http://brain0043.myweb.hinet.net/heart/069.htm
(家中排行看個性)
1. 認識出生排行對自己潛在的影響，進而學習如何以英語介紹自己的出生排行以及個性特徵。
2. 學會並活用本課單字、片語以及下列兩個句型：
(1) whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
(2) Not until + + ... + Aux/be + + ....
3. 藉由課文閱讀及課堂活動，讓學生學習如何以英文探討身為長子女和老么的優缺點。
☆本課導讀
本課引用心理學家的說法點出出生順序會對人的個性、性格特徵等產生影響，其中，更說明出生順序可能會造成性格上的差異以及對未來的影響，例如工作的選擇等。
其後，文章分別提到長子和其後出生的孩子在個性上的優缺點，並以此為根據分別說明較適合他們個性的職業。
然而，在了解出生順序對人們的影響之後，每個人可以意識到自己的性格和行為，這種認知有助於幫助個人改掉個性當中較不理想的部分，並舉出一對結婚的夫妻為例說明。
最後，文章指出沒有任何一個出生排行是最好的，因為不同的出生順序有其不同的優缺點；不過，若能了解這些性格上的傾向，則可以加強提升好的部分而減低壞的部分。
Warm-up
1. 本課的課前活動為六張古今中外名人的照片，由上至下，由左至右分別是李小龍、張惠妹、李安、J.K. Rowling、馬友友以及國父孫中山先生，請學生猜測這六位知名人士的出生排行以及說明如此猜測的原因，藉由活動可以讓學生大致了解文章的主題，以順利進入正文。
2. 若時間許可，教師也可進一步詢問學生以下的問題，以對出生排行以及個性特徵有更深入的討論：
(1) What is your birth order/rank in your family?
(2) Please use five adjectives to describe your characteristics and think about how your birth order may affect your personality.
(3) If you can choose your own birth order, what would be your choice? Why?
Reading
心理學家早已察覺出生順序通常會創造特定的人格特質。他們指出，家裡最先出生的小孩通常在早期就發展出領導的能力傾向。這主要是因為家長賦予他們照顧弟妹的責任。但是如果長子女將這樣的角色發揮得太過極端時，就會適得其反，可能長大後會變成專橫的人。
1. Psychologists have long been aware [that birth order...personality traits].
(1) S + be aware + that¬clause。例：
‧The government isn't aware that the economic
condition is getting worse and worse.
(2) that引導名詞子句，作為aware的受詞。
2. They have stated that whoever was born....
3. This is mainly because these people are given the responsibility of looking after younger siblings by their parents.
(1) this is because用於解釋之前提出的現象之原因。例：
‧Josh is never late for school. This is because he always gets up early.
(2) look after = care for = take care of，表示「照顧」。
‧As a class leader, I have to look after many things in my class.
4. The danger is [that if the older sibling takes that role..., he or she can become... ].
that子句在此作主詞補語，子句中包含if的真實條件句，表示狀況很有可能發生。
布蘭迪斯大學的華特‧托曼教授針對將近三千人進行研究後，發現長子女通常對於成就有最強烈的動機，這主要是因為家長高度期望的結果。
1. Studies of nearly 3,000 people done by....
本句還原後為：Studies of nearly 3,000 people which/that were done by....。
2. ... the most strongly motivated toward achievement.
(1) the most表示最高級，strongly為副詞，修飾之後的形容詞motivated。
(2) toward「朝向」後接受詞achievement。例：
‧We are working hard toward a peaceful
world.
3. a result of表示「為…的結果」，其後接名詞(N)或動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧The championship is a result of our efforts.
此研究和其他的研究也指出，長子女通常會比其弟妹來得保守，因為父母對他們的管教最多。由於他們習慣照顧別人，他們較有可能去從事和領導能力相關的行業，如教學或從政。…
1. Used to caring for others, they are more likely to move ....
(1) be used to意為「習慣於…」，後接V¬ing，原句是由副詞子句省略的分詞構句用法，可還原為：Because they are used to caring for others, they....。
(2) be more likely to + V...意為「較有可能做…」。例：
‧Pete is more likely to disagree on this
proposal.
…然而，他們有缺乏社交和變通能力的傾向，因為他們在年幼時就已經習慣獨自行動。因此，他們較不易結交親密的朋友。
2. ...they tend to be less social and flexible because they became accustomed to acting alone....
(1) tend to...意為「傾向於做…」。例：
‧Teenagers tend to follow the latest fashions.
(2) become/get accustomed to + N/V¬ing表示「習慣於…」。例：
‧The old couple became/got accustomed to
the country life.
‧We become/get accustomed to jogging
before breakfast.
3. have difficulty + (in) V¬ing
這個用法表示「做…有困難」，原本置於difficulty後的介系詞in常被省略，故其後若接動詞，須改為動名詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧All my classmates had difficulty figuring out
the answer to the math problem.
相較之下，較晚出生的孩子通常都表現得比較輕鬆及好相處，因為他們出生時，他們的父母都是比較輕鬆的。然而，這些較晚出生的孩子通常比較沒有企圖心，也對為別人做決定感到不安。因此，他們通常會選擇適合這種個性的工作，例如：音樂家、藝術家或是作家。
1. by contrast可置於句首或句中，用來表示前後的敘述有強烈的對比。例：
‧Andy is good at math and science. By contrast
, his sister is good at art and music.
2. ...feel uncomfortable + V¬ing...意為「對於做…感到不安」。例：
‧I feel uncomfortable challenging others'
opinions.
3. ... find work that fits this kind of personality ....
(1) find work = get a job，表示「找工作」。
(2) fit = be suitable for，表示「適合」。例：
‧They are trying to think of a slogan that fits the
new product.
較晚出生的孩子通常是好的推銷員，因為說服能力可能是他們對抗長子女勢力的唯一工具。他們像是永遠長不大的「嬰兒」。…
1. Later born children often make ....
在此make表示「具備成為…應有的特質」。例：
‧It is a stereotype that men make better soldiers
and engineers than women.
2. ... the only tool they had to fight against the power of the eldest.
(1) 原句可還原為：...the only tool that they had....，在本句中，關係代名詞that當受詞用，故可省略。
(2) fight against + N為「對抗…」之意。例：
‧The UK fought against Germany in World
War I.
…有他們在周圍是很有樂趣的，但是他們可能會變得過度依賴他人。
3. become overdependent on + N意為「變得過度依賴…」，on之後接名詞作其受詞。例：
‧Since Jessie is the only child in her family,
she becomes overdependent on her parents.
縱然出生順序顯然只是眾多影響人格發展的因素之一，但是其影響力是不容忽視的。另一位心理學家露西爾‧佛勒曾經說過，當人們終於知道他們的出生順序是如何地影響著他們的行為時，他們就不會覺得改變是如此可怕。
1. ...when people could finally understand how their birth order caused them to react , they would not find change so threatening .
(1) how their birth...them to react為疑問詞引導的名詞子句，作understand的受詞。
(2) ...findchangeso threatening.
此為find + O + OC (Adj)的用法，形容詞threatening用來修飾受詞change。例：
‧I found the TV program quite interesting.
了解出生順序有時候可以幫助一段婚姻運作更融洽。不久之前，佛勒博士在幫助一位很強勢以至於婚姻生活出了問題的女士。佛勒博士說一直要到這位女士了解自己的行為傾向，她才開始調整自己的行為。
1. ...a woman who was so dominant that her marriage was in trouble.
so...that...表示「如此…以至於…」。例：
‧My parents are so conservative that they
cannot accept any new ideas.
2. ... not until the woman understood her tendencies could she begin....
原句可還原為：The woman could not begin to modify her behavior until she understood her tendencies.。
麥達‧韋伯斯特，美國康乃迪克州的一位家庭治療師，最近舉辦了一場名為「出生順序因素」的研討會。她提到一對對彼此有諸多抱怨的夫妻，其問題就在於他們兩位都不願意在婚姻中扛起領導者的角色。當被指出很可能是因為他們都是較晚出生孩子的緣故，他們才明白問題所在。
1. Maida Webster, a family therapist in Connecticut, recently held a workshop called ....
(1) a family therapist in Connecticut為Maida Webster的同位語。
(2) a workshop (which was) called...中的which was被省略。
2. ... neither of them was willing to take over....
neither在此為代名詞，neither of them表示「兩者皆不」，後接單數動詞，故用was。例：
‧Neither of the movies is interesting.
「到底有沒有完美的婚姻組合呢？」有人問韋伯斯特女士。她說：「無論是在工作或個人的人際關係上，人與人之間最好的相處模式就是重複孩童時期的模式，也就是說嫁娶出生順序不同的人會比較有利。對比之下，如果夫妻雙方都是同樣的出生順序，將來很可能會有衝突發生。」
1. ...the patterns of childhood, which means [ that it helps to marry someone who was...].
(1) which引導非限定的關係子句，用來補充說明前面people seem to...childhood這句話。例：
‧Linda is an easygoing girl, which means
that she can get along well with others.
(2) that子句在此當動詞means的受詞。
(3) help在此為「促進，有利於」之意。例：
‧I hope the money helps to solve your financial
problem.
2. in contrast表示「對比之下」，用來強調前後敘述間強烈的對比。例：
‧Mark is diligent and kind. In contrast, his
brother, Jason, is lazy and mean.
「有最佳的出生順序嗎？」另一人問道。韋伯斯特女士說沒有並且說每一個排行位置都有其優缺點。然而，她繼續說道：「藉由認清自己的個性傾向，我們可以加強善用自己的正面特質並使負面特質減到最低的機會。」
1. ... that there were advantages and disadvantages to every position.
(1) that前省略重複的said。
(2) advantages and disadvantages表示「優缺點」。以下為表示優缺點的類似用語：good points and bad points、strengths and weaknesses和pluses and minuses。
2. ...she went on to say that by recognizing tendencies...to make the most of positive traits... ones .
(1) go on to + V為「繼續做…」之意。例：
‧After examining my mouth, the doctor went on
to examine my chest.
(2) make the most of sth = get the most out of sth，表示「從…中獲取最大利益，儘量利用…」。例：
‧Susan wants to make the most of her
summer vacation and plans several trips and activities.
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題詢問為何長子或長女通常在早期培養出領導的特質，該題的答案在課文第一段，教師可以給學生一些時間將課文摘要後作答。
2. 第二題詢問學生是否同意課文中提到的論點出生順序會影響一個人的性格並且解釋其同意或不同意的原因；本題用意在讓學生分享彼此的看法，可讓學生以分組討論的方式進行。
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. trait n. [C]特質，特點
‧Some cancers are linked to some personality traits.
2. tendency
(1) n. [C]傾向
‧Parents have to pay more attention to children with suicidal tendencies.
‧As a gifted child, Diane has showed her artistic tendencies at an early age.
(2) n. [C]潮流，趨勢
‧There is a tendency for the new principal to make educational reform.
‧There seems to be a tendency towards globalization in recent years.
tend vi.傾向
‧People tend to feel nervous when they face an
unfamiliar situation.
‧The students in Asian countries tend to pay more
attention to their academic performances.
3. extreme n. [C]極端，極度
‧Extremes meet. [諺]物極必反。
‧Love and hatred are two extremes of
emotions.
‧Tina is a moody girl; her emotions often go from
one extreme to the other.
‧Sue usually takes/carries everything to extremes.
extreme adj.極端的，極度的
‧Children in some underdeveloped countries are
living in extreme poverty.
‧Be sure to drive with extreme caution.
extremely adv.非常，極其
‧Ryan's ideas on economical reform are
extremely radical.
4. conservative adj.保守的，守舊的
‧My grandmother is quite conservative, and she
thinks women should stay at home instead of
going out to work.
‧Some people are naturally conservative. They do
not accept new ideas easily.
conservative n. [C]保守主義者
‧Terry is a born conservative. He is still opposed
to women going out to work.
5. discipline n. [U]紀律
‧Because of his inexperience, the young teacher can not maintain discipline in his class.
‧The army is famous for the strict discipline.
‧The students in this vocational high school are under good discipline.
discipline vt.管教，處罰
‧The piano teacher is strict about disciplining his
students.
‧The student was disciplined for cheating on the
exam.
‧Try to discipline yourself to do exercise every
day. It's good for your health.
6. politics n. [U]政治(事務)
‧Aaron has gone into politics since he served as
the mayor of the city.
‧A politician plays politics, while a statesman
cares about the people and affairs of his country.
political adj.政治的
‧There are two main political parties in Taiwan.
politician n. [C]政客
‧Larry is an ambitious politician.
7. social
(1) adj.社交的
‧Cooperating with others can help us learn social
skills.
(2) adj.社會的
‧There are many social problems, such as poverty,
unemployment, and housing shortages.
‧Students have to take some courses related to
social science in order to have a better
understanding of their own society.
society n. [C][U]社會
‧It is lucky that we are living in a highly
civilized society.
‧Our society has to support more and more
elderly people in the future
sociable adj.愛交際的
‧Mary is a sociable person, enjoying being with
new friends.
8. flexible adj.可變通的，靈活的
‧We can go to the movies either on Sunday or on
Saturday; the schedule is quite flexible.
‧My parents are flexible about what time I
should go to bed.
flexibility n. [U]靈活性，適應性
‧You have great flexibility in the money and can
decide how to use it.
9. accustomed adj.習慣於…
‧After a while, my eyes were gradually accustomed to the dark.
‧They get accustomed to taking a walk after dinner.
‧I become accustomed to sleeping late on the weekends.
11. ambitious adj.野心勃勃的，有雄心的
‧Jane is ambitious for success in her painting
career.
‧The politician is ambitious to get control of that
party.
ambition n. [U]野心，抱負
‧Bruce will pay any cost to realize his ambition.
12. factor n. [C]因素，要素
‧These are all the factors which have to be taken
into consideration if we want to succeed.
‧Time and money are the most important
factors in the matter.
‧Luck and opportunity are the major factors in
Steve's success.
13. ignore vt.忽視，忽略
‧Mike ignored my advice and failed to get into
the college.
‧I said hello to Danna, but she completely
ignored me.
ignorance n. [U]無知
‧George's comments showed his ignorance of the situation.
‧In old times, men intended to keep women in
ignorance of everything.
‧All Helen's friends are in complete ignorance
of her wedding.
ignorant adj.無知的
‧Joseph is ignorant of art and music.
‧I'm entirely ignorant about what happened these
days.
14. dominant adj.支配的，佔優勢的
‧The United States is one of the dominant
countries in the world.
dominate vt.支配，控制
‧Tom's desire for money totally dominates his
behavior.
‧The gangsters seem to dominate the teenagers of
this community.
‧Jason's dishonest behavior was dominated by his
greed.
domination n. [U]控制，統治
‧The country is under the president's domination.
15. modify vt.修正，修改
‧The product has to be slightly modified to meet
the needs of most customers.
modification n. [C][U]修正，修改
‧Some important modifications have to be
made to the plan.
‧The burglary last month resulted in the
modification of the security camera in the store.
16. workshop n. [C]研討會
‧The Chinese teacher runs a short¬story writing
workshop.
‧The workshop was held to help people better
understand how their birth order affected their
characters.
17. couple
(1) n. [C]夫妻；情侶
‧A newly married couple has bought the
apartment.
(2) n. [C] (sing.)一(對)，一(雙)
‧The visitors will stay in Taiwan for a couple of
days.
18. combination n. [C][U]結合，組合
‧The play is a combination of dance and music.
‧The combination of black and white makes gray.
‧Remember not to take the medicine in
combination with grapefruit juice.
combine vt.結合，組合
‧Fox combined his thoughts with the information
he collected to work on his paper.
19. position
(1) n. [C]位置
‧The office is in a central position near the Taipei
Railway Station.
(2) n. [C]姿勢
‧I changed my position so that I wouldn't feel
uncomfortable.
(3) n. [C]職位，工作
‧Many freshmen hope to apply for a position in a
well¬organized company.
20. advantage n. [C][U]優勢，優點
‧It will be to your advantage to book hotels
before you take a trip to Paris.
‧Your advice is of great advantage to me.
‧Our baseball team finally got an advantage over
other teams.
‧Many young people today have the advantage of
computer skills.
‧We can take advantage of the holiday to clean
up the house.
advantageous adj.有利的
‧Philip's social skills will be advantageous to
his business.
disadvantage n. [C]劣勢，缺點
‧It is a disadvantage for Lucy to be unable to use
the computer.
‧The lack of related background information
will be to your disadvantage.
‧Today anyone who can't speak English is at a
disadvantage.
21. minimize vt.使減到最小(量或程度)
‧The doctors and nurses made every effort to
minimize casualties in the air crash.
minimum n. [C] (sing.)最小量
‧The company can produce high quality products
with a minimum of costs.
22. negative
(1) adj.負面的；消極的
‧Jack's attitude toward his work was very
negative, so he was fired.
(2) adj.有害的
‧Drinking has a negative effect on people's health.
II. Words for Recognition
1. psychologist n. [C]心理學家
‧Psychologists do many experiments in order to
explain human behavior.
psychology n. [U]心理學
‧Lily's major in college is social psychology.
2. sibling n. [C]兄弟或姐妹
‧Sibling rivalry always causes parents' concern.
3. bossy adj.愛發號施令的，專橫的
‧Andy yelled at everyone in his bossy voice.
4. Brandeis University n. (美國) 布蘭迪斯大學
布蘭迪斯大學為位於美國麻薩諸塞州波士頓近郊的一所私立高等學校，該大學建立於1948年，為美國第一間由猶太人主辦的大學。該校雖成立只有數十年，卻在美國教育界頗具地位，被譽為「全美最年輕的主要研究院大學」，為一所自然科學和人文社會科學並重的學校。
5. firstborn adj. (子女)最年長的，頭胎的
firstbornn. [C] (sing.)長子，長女
‧Firstborn children are often expected to take
the responsibility of taking care of their
younger siblings.
7. Connecticut n. (美國) 康乃迪克州
康乃狄克州位於美國東北部，為最早的十三州之一；哈特福為其首府兼第二大人口集中區，以保險業著稱，逾50家保險公司總部設於該州，且其中多數集中在哈特福，為全美最富裕的都會區之一。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. by contrast (= in contrast)相較之下，對比之下
‧Danny is very polite, but, by contrast, his sister
is quite rude.
‧Amelia, in contrast to the other girls, is well¬
behaved.
‧Meg's red dress is a sharp contrast to her black
shoes.
2. in trouble 在困境中
‧When you are in trouble, don't hesitate to tell me.
‧The train ran into trouble soon after it left the
train station.
‧Addicted to drugs, Peter finally got into trouble.
3. take over 接管
‧The young man has taken over the company
since his father retired last year.
此外，take (sth) over from sb表示「為某人頂替(某事)」。例：
‧Could you take over from me for a moment?
4. get along
(1) 和睦相處
‧Rita gets along with her coworkers rather well.
(2) 進展
‧How are you getting along with your new job?
Grammar in Use
1. whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
whosever = anyone whose
whatever = anything that
whichever = any/either one of them that
此句型為複合關係代名詞whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever引導名詞子句的用法。複合關係代名詞由關係代名詞(who、whom、whose、which、what等)字尾加上¬ever所形成，兼具先行詞與關係代名詞的作用，可以用來引導名詞子句。請見下表：
主格 所有格 受格
whoever whosever whomever
whichever × whichever
whatever × whatever
在子句中，這些複合關係代名詞可以作主詞、受詞或用來修飾其後的名詞。例：
‧I will take whoever (= anyone who) wants to
go to the market. (在子句中作主詞)
‧Whoever (= Anyone who) breaks the law
should be punished. (在子句中作主詞)
‧Give the letter to whosever (= anyone whose)
name is on it. (在子句中修飾名詞name)
‧Give the flowers to whomever (= anyone
whom) you like. (在子句中作like的受詞)
‧There are two cups on the table. You can take
whichever (= either one of them that) you like. (在子句中作like的受詞)
‧I will do whatever (= anything that) you want
me to do. (在子句中作do的受詞)
其中，whichever和whatever還可作形容詞，可以修飾子句中的名詞。例：
‧You may take whichever book will interest you.
‧I like whatever food my mom cooks.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型填入適當的複合關係代名詞以完成
句子。
1. ________ visits our city is welcome.
2. The traveler has to buy ________ is needed for
the trip.
3. Here are some magazines. You can take
________ you like.
4.The poor man is thankful to ________ has
given him a hand.
5.I'll give the present to ________ I like.
B.根據句型改寫下列句子。
1.Anyone who tells a lie is a liar.
→
2.You may invite anyone whom you like to your
birthday party.
→
3.Please send the invitation to anyone whose name is on the list.
→
4.There are two cakes here; you can take any one of them that you like.
→
5.You can use anything that you find in the room.
→
參考解答
A.
1. Whoever 2. whatever 3. whichever
4. whoever 5. whomever
B.
1.Whoever tells a lie is a liar.
2.You may invite whomever you like to your
birthday party.
3.Please send the invitation to whosever name is
on the list.
4.There are two cakes here; you can take
whichever you like.
5.You can use whatever you find in the room.
.
補充資料
太魯閣族長子護族，幼子繼承
花蓮縣萬榮鄉除了馬遠村為布農族之外，其他的全都是泰雅族部落，全鄉的泰雅族人約有五千六百多人。以往的泰雅族，嚴格執行一夫一妻制，並且認定這種婚姻制度是最好的，他們將多夫或多妻視為可恥的行為，並且認為透過結婚可以傳宗接代，亦能生男育女以防老。
若被族人立為家族保護人的長子或長女，便身負二項任務：其中一項為負責供養父母親，另一則為保護年幼的弟妹。不過因該族施行核心家庭的制度，子女婚後即與父母分居，父母留幼子與其同住，因此有了幼子繼承家屋的習俗，由於長子要保護家族，幼子要留與父母同住，故長幼子皆必須結婚，家中若無男子，長女即為家族保護人，亦即須行招贅婚。
參考資料：
http://www.ttcsec.gov.tw/netscape/index.php
(花東地區社會教育資源服務網)
2. Not until + S1 + V1... + Aux/be + S2 + V2....
此句型主要是練習not until放在句首的強調法，此時主要子句得用倒裝語序。在改寫的過程中，教師可以運用畫底線的方式幫助學生理解。例：
‧The little girl didn't stop crying until her mother
returned.
→ Not until her mother returned did the little
girl stop crying.
‧I couldn't understand the rules until May
explained them to me.
→Not until May explained the rules to me could
I understand them.
‧You can't go out to play until you finish your
homework.
→Not until you finish your homework can you
go out to play.
句型分析
教師可視上課時數以及學生程度斟酌補充下列用法。上述句型也可以改為：
It + is/was + not until... + that S1 + V1....
‧It was not until her mother returned that the
little girl stopped crying.
‧ It was not until May explained the rules to me that I understood them.
‧It is not until you finish your homework that
you can go out to play.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 根據句型改寫下列句子。
1. People do not know the meaning of freedom
until they lose it.
→
2. The thief didn't tell the truth until the judge
questioned him.
→
3. Tim could not figure out the math problem until
his classmate helped him.
→
4. The baby did not stop crying until he was
comforted.
→
5.Some teenagers can not stop playing online
games until their parents get mad.
→
A.
1. Not until people lose freedom do they know
the meaning of it.
2. Not until the judge questioned the thief did he
tell the truth.
3. Not until Tim's classmate helped him could
he figure out the math problem.
4. Not until the baby was comforted did he stop
crying.
5. Not until their parents get mad can some
teenagers stop playing online games.
B. 根據句型和提示字回答下列問題。第一句以
直述句回答，第二句以倒裝句回答。
1. When did you know the importance of English?
(until I had to use it)
→
→
2. When do people know the value of money?
(until they are in debt)
→
→
3. When could Anna spell the word?
(until her classmate helped her)
→
→
4.When did the drunken driver stop his car?
(until he was stopped by a police officer)
→
→
5.When did the boy behave himself? (until he was
punished by his parents)
→
→
B.
1-1. I didn’t know the importance of English until
I had to use it.
1-2. Not until I had to use English did I know the
importance of it.
2-1. People don’t know the value of money until
they are in debt.
2-2. Not until people are in debt do they know the
value of money.
3-1. Anna couldn’t spell the word until her
classmate helped her.
3-2. Not until Anna's classmate helped her could
she spell the word.
4-1. The drunken driver didn't stop his car until
he was stopped by a police officer.
4-2. Not until the drunken driver was stopped by
a police officer did he stop his car.
5-1. The boy didn’t behave himself until he was
punished by his parents.
5-2. Not until the boy was punished by his
parents did he behave himself.
English Workshop
Birth Order and Personality
本活動目的在使學生了解不同出生順序在英文中的說法，同時也提供一些個性特徵的用語讓學生可以練習向他人介紹自己的排行及個性特徵。以下補充一些和出生順序相關的個性特徵：
◎ The Only Child
‧Is pampered and spoiled.
‧Feels incompetent because adults are more
capable.
‧Is center of attention.
‧Is self-centered.
‧Relies on service from others rather than
his/her own efforts.
‧Feels unfairly treated when he or she doesn't
get his/her own way.
‧May refuse to cooperate.
◎ The First Child
‧Is only child for a period of time; used to be
center of attention.
‧Gains and holds superiority over other
children.
‧May respond to the birth of second child by
feeling unloved and neglected.
‧Strives to keep or regain parents' attention
through conformity. If this fails, he/she
chooses to misbehave.
‧May develop competent, responsible behavior
or become very discouraged.
‧Sometimes strives to protect and help others.
◎ The Middle Child of Three
‧Has neither rights of the oldest nor privileges
of the youngest.
‧Feels life is unfair.
‧Feels unloved, left out, “squeezed.”
‧Feels that he/she doesn't have a place in
family.
‧Becomes discouraged and "problem child" or
elevates self by pushing down other siblings.
‧Is adaptable.
‧Learns to deal with both the oldest and
youngest sibling.
◎ The Youngest Child
‧Behaves like only child.
‧Feels every one bigger and more capable.
‧Expects others to do things, make decisions,
take responsibility.
‧Feels smallest and weakest.
‧May not be taken seriously
‧Becomes boss of family in getting service and
his/her own way.
‧Develops feelings of inferiority or becomes
“speeder” and overtakes older siblings.
‧Remains "the baby." Places others in service.
‧If the youngest of three, often allies with the
oldest child against middle child.
以上資料摘錄自：
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/
birth_order.htm
Conversation
兩個學生正在討論他們對出生排行的偏好。
(R =羅傑，N =妮娜)
R: 當老大或是當老么，你比較喜歡哪一個？
N: 我寧願當老么。我的小妹很幸運，因為她
比較受到我父母的注意。
R: 我是我們家最小的，但是我比較喜歡當最
大的。我的大哥被允許可以做更多的事。
舉例來說，他可以晚回家。
N: 身為最大的孩子，如果我做錯事，我會馬
上被處罰。但是我的妹妹通常可以逃過責
罰。
R: 嗯，我認為當老大的另一個好處是，他們
被允許自己處理事情。舉例來說，我的父
母常常要我在他們面前做功課。我的大哥
就可以在他的房間裡做功課。
N: 我還是寧願當最小的。身為老大，我是第
一個要考重要考試的人。甚至在我唸完國
中之前，我的父母已經在討論我的大學和
工作計畫了。
R: 但是，弟妹總是要追隨兄姐的腳步。如果
我的大哥通過某一項考試，我覺得我也必
須達成同樣的目標。
1. I’d rather be the youngest.
would rather + V 寧願…
‧Elva would rather stay at home than go out
today.
→ Elva prefers to stay at home rather than go
out today.
2. ...I’d prefer to be the eldest.
prefer to... 偏好…
‧Eric prefers to study and listen to music at the
same time.
3. My elder brother is allowed to do more things.
be allowed to...為「被允許…」之意。例：
‧I am allowed to go abroad this summer
vacation.
4. stay out是指「在外逗留」，而stay out late
則是「晚歸」。例：
‧My mother is worried whenever my brother
stays out late.
5. ...usually avoid being punished.
avoid + V-ing... 避免…
‧We should avoid going out at midnight.
6. ...has to follow the elder one.
follow在此為「仿效」之意。
follow sb into sth 仿效某人從事某項工作
follow in sb’s footsteps 追隨某人的腳步
‧Sue followed her mother into a teaching career.
‧Mr. Jackson is a businessman and hopes his son
to follow in his footsteps.
N: 事實上，在我經歷所有的辛苦奮鬥之後，
我還被期待要幫我妹妹通過她的考試。這
很不公平。
R: 你的妹妹真幸運。我的大哥總是說他沒有
空幫我任何事。
7. ...I feel I have to achieve the same thing.
achieve + N 達成…
‧Simon finally achieved his goal of becoming
an astronaut.
8. It’s not fair.
意為「這並不公平」，用於抱怨某人有差別待遇，對待其他人比對待說話者更好。
9. ...he doesn't have time to help me with
anything.
help sb with sth 幫某人(做)…
‧I always help my parents with the housework.
Listening Practice
本單元是讓學生練習全民英檢聽力的「問答」題型，題目內容與答案均與本課字彙、片語或句型相關，請督促學生用心練習。
[聽力腳本]
1. What would you rather do tonight, go to the
movies or watch a basketball game on TV?
2. I’d prefer to be an ordinary employee rather
than a boss. How about you?
3. Would you like to eat Indian or Chinese food
tonight?
4. Would you prefer to live in the city or the
country?
5. Do you really think it's better to have siblings?
☆ 課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1.thanks to + N為「幸虧，由於」之意；
improper adj.不適當的
2. extremes of wealth and poverty表示「貧富懸
殊」。
4. a flexible schedule表示「有彈性的課程或行
事曆」；關係代名詞which在此引導非限定
的關係子句修飾前面整個句子(A
flexible...essential)。
6. go on a diet = be on a diet，表示「節食」。
8. compared with...表示「與…比較」。
9. have a negative influence on + N為「對…有負
面的影響」之意。
III. Cloze Test
1. 這裡缺一個表示人的複合關係代名詞作主詞
的用法，故用whoever。
2. because銜接後面子句，表示「原因」。
3. in addition補充說明最年長孩子的其他個性特
質。
5. 因為接下來要敘述後出生孩子的個性特質，
以顯示與最年長孩子間的差異，故用by
contrast。
6. therefore在此表示推論結果，敘述適合後出
生孩子個性特質的工作。
☆ 其他相關參考資料
相關網站
1.http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/article.php?id=28985 (商業周刊排行教養學)
2.http://brain0043.myweb.hinet.net/heart/069.htm
(家中排行看個性)
英文第五冊第七課課文解說
☆教學目標
1. 藉由本課文章，讓學生了解到要審視自己既有的幸福，以及能知福惜福。
2. 學習本課單字、片語以及句型：V¬ing..., S + V....和Vpp..., S + V....，進而正確地運用。
3. 藉由本課English Workshop單元，使學生了解到美滿家庭的定義並無特定的標準，如果願意調整心態，每個人都能擁有幸福家庭。
☆本課導讀
本課藉由一篇故事，闡述「知福惜福」的重要性。主角是一名農家小男孩，在一次休息日中，去另一座山頭上找尋只在黃昏時刻出現金色窗戶的房子；原本小男孩以為那戶人家應是有錢人，結果那邊也住著務農人家。最後小男孩終於發現金色窗戶並不是由黃金打造，而是夕陽餘暉照耀在他自己的家窗戶玻璃上所反射出的金色光芒。得到答案後的小男孩滿心歡喜地回家，奔向心中有金色窗戶的房子。
文中雖未明確提出「知福惜福」的觀念，但在故事結尾處，作者藉由爸爸詢問小男孩是否有學到新的東西，來引導讀者省思讀完故事後是否有所啟示？學生可以藉由這個故事去審視自己是否忽視本身既有的幸福，並詢問自己已擁有的幸福在哪裡？
Warm-up
做此活動時，教師可先詢問學生：What do you see in the picture?讓學生藉由此問題專心於圖片中找尋線索。
如果還有時間，教師可補充下列的問題，讓學生更了解此圖要傳達的意義。
‧After having worked all day, the boy looked
tired. So, do you think it was at sunrise or at sunset?
‧What did the boy look at?
‧Can you describe what the house on the hill
looked like?
‧Do you think the boy would envy the people in
the house with the golden windows?
Reading
男孩來自貧窮的務農家庭。他每天從早到晚勤奮地工作著，日落前的一個小時是他僅有的空閒時間。在那時，男孩會爬到他家田地後面的山坡頂，遠眺幾哩遠的另一座山。在那遙遠的山頂上，矗立著有金光閃閃如同鑽石般閃耀窗戶的房子。那窗戶光彩奪目地閃耀著，直到那屋主在傍晚時分關起窗戶的遮板。然後，男孩就知道是時候回家吃晚餐了。
1. all day long = all day 一整天
‧The lazy girl usually sleeps all day (long) on
Sundays.
2. Far away on that hill stood a house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds.
→ A house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds stood far away on that hill.
此為地方副詞提前的倒裝句，真正的主詞在a house with windows...diamonds。教師可再舉其他例句加深學生印象。例：
‧Here comes the bus.
→ The bus comes here.
‧In the tree stands a bird.
→ A bird stands in the tree.
3. The windows shone dazzlingly until the owners of....
until為「直到…」之意，後面可接名詞、片語
或子句。例：
‧Sally studied English until dawn.
‧The manager has a tight schedule until the end
of this year.
‧I'll keep you company until the bus comes.
4. ...it was time to go home for supper.
有一天，男孩的父親告訴他：「你得到了一天的假期。把握住屬於你自己的這天假期，但也要記得這是老天給你的，所以試著去學好的事物。」男孩很開心，謝謝他爸爸以及親吻他媽媽後，男孩啟程去找尋那棟有金色窗戶的房子。
1. “...Take this day for your own, but remember that God gave it to you, so try to learn something good.”
but和so兩個連接詞連接三句祈使句。祈使句
中省略主詞you，用動詞原形。例：
‧Before starting class, our teacher said “Be
attentive in class and take notes!”
2 .Having thanked his father and kissed his mother, the boy started off....
這是趟愉悅的散步。當他回頭看時，他的腳印似乎在跟他作伴，他的影子也一樣陪在他左右，跟他一起手舞足蹈和奔跑。
1. walk在此為可數名詞，表示「散步」。例：
‧Let's take the dog for a walk in the park.
2. ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, dancing and running along.
→ ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, and danced and ran along.
dancing and running along為省略對等連接詞and的分詞構句。
走了許久後，他來到一座大山丘。在山頂上就是他一直在找尋的那棟房子，但卻沒有在遠方時所看見的金色窗戶。令他難過的是，這裡的窗戶就像其他一般的窗戶一樣，只是有著乾淨的玻璃。
1. Having walked for a long time, he came to a
big hill.
2. At the top was the house he had been searching for....
(1) 此為地方副詞的倒裝句，原句為：The house he had been searching for was at the top....。
(2) search for = look for = seek 尋找
3. to his sorrow解釋為「令他感到難過的是」，為“to one's N”的用法，常見的有：to one's surprise, to one's joy等。
‧To my surprise, Peter showed up in the meeting in spite of his serious illness.
‧To our joy, our team won first place in the basketball game.
一位婦人來到門邊，親切地詢問男孩要做什麼。
他回答：「我從我們那邊的山丘上看到妳房子的金色窗戶。我來這裡是想看看那些窗戶，但我現在發現它們只是玻璃而已。」
這婦人搖搖頭並且笑著。
她回答說：「我們是貧窮的農家，窗戶上並沒有黃金喔！」
1. ...and kindly asked the boy what he wanted.
此為間接問句作受詞的用法，間接問句中語序不倒裝。例：
‧I don't know where Bill went.
婦人進屋內拿些食物給男孩。被款待一杯牛奶和一塊蛋糕後，男孩決定在那邊休息一下。之後，婦人呼喚她的女兒過來，她女兒與男孩同歲數。跟男孩一樣，這位小女孩赤腳走進來。她穿著一件樸素的棉布洋裝…
1. The woman went in to get the boy some food.
get解釋為「拿取」，為授與動詞；the boy為間接受詞IO，some food為直接受詞DO，此句型還可改為get DO for IO。例：
1‧The woman went in to get some food for the boy.
2. Offered a glass of milk and a cake, the boy decided to take a rest there.
3. ..., who was the same age as the boy.
此為非限定關係子句，用以補充說明先行詞her daughter，注意，who不可用that取代。
4. 副詞barefoot在此修飾前面的動詞came in。
例：
‧The couple danced barefoot on the beach.
…但是她的髮色就如他看到的窗戶一樣是金色的，而且她的眼睛藍得像正午的天空。她帶領男孩參觀她家的田地和在額頭上有白色星星斑紋的小黑牛。很快地，他們就成為朋友，而且男孩詢問她有關金色窗戶的事情。小女孩說她知道那些窗戶，但他弄錯了房子。
5. ...but her hair was as golden as the windows he'd seen....
6. mistaken在此為形容詞，表示「弄錯的，誤解的」。例：
‧If I am not mistaken, we should hand in the report this Friday.
她說道：「你來錯地方了！跟我來，去親眼看看有金色窗戶的房子。」
他們到農舍後面的山丘，小女孩告訴他金色的窗戶只能在日落時分看見。
「是的，我知道！」男孩說道。
1. at sunset是指「黃昏日落時」，相反詞是at sunrise「日出」。例：
‧The students take the flag down at sunset every day.
在山頂上，小女孩轉身並指著那棟座落在遙遠山丘上有著黃金和鑽石窗戶的房子。男孩發現那房子就是他自己的家。
1. ...there on a faraway hill stood a house with windows of gold and diamonds.
(1) 此為倒裝句，原句為：A house with windows of gold and diamonds stood there on a faraway hill.。
(2) with解釋為「帶有…」。例：
‧Did you see a girl with blue eyes?
之後，他告訴小女孩他必須走了。他承諾會再過來，但並沒有告訴女孩他領悟到什麼事情。小女孩站在夕陽下，注視著男孩走下山丘。
1. ...but he did not tell her what he had learned.
what...learned為間接問句，作為tell的受詞。
2. ..., gazing at him as he walked down the hill.
(1)此為省略and的分詞構句，原句為...and she gazed at him as he walked down the hill.。
(2) as在此解釋為「當…的時候」。例：
‧As we went to the beach, it started to rain.
當男孩到家時天色已暗，但從窗戶透出閃耀的燈光，幾乎就像他之前從山頂上看到的金色窗戶一樣明亮。當他打開門時，他的媽媽親吻他，小妹妹也跑去擁抱他。他的爸爸從火爐旁的座位上抬頭看他並且微笑著。
1. It was already dark by the time the boy reached home....
by the time為「到…的時候」。例：
‧The airplane had taken off by the time John reached the airport.
2. ...and smiled from his seat by the fire.
by為「在…旁邊」之意。例：
‧By the lake stood a beautiful cabin.
「今天過得開心嗎？」爸爸問道。
男孩說：「有啊，很開心的一天。」
「有學到任何事嗎？」爸爸問道。
男孩說：「有！我學到我們家也有黃金和鑽石般閃亮的窗戶。」
Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題的答案，學生只需看懂課文，即可推論出答案。
2. 在回答第二題前，老師不妨可以先舉例，讓學生可以依照老師的範例，說出自己的親身經驗。
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. diligently adv. 勤奮地，勤勉地
‧Martin studied diligently in order to get good grades.
diligent adj. 勤奮的，勤勉的
‧Helen has become a diligent student ever since she decided to study abroad.
diligence n. [U] 勤奮，勤勉
‧Andy got a promotion because he worked with great diligence.
2. sunset n. [U] 日落(時分)，黃昏(相反詞：sunrise)
‧At sunset, the students went home for supper.
‧It is said that the textile industry in Taiwan is a sunset industry.
3. blaze
(1) vi. 發光，閃耀
‧There was a campfire blazing in front of the tent.
(2) vi. 熊熊燃燒
‧The forest fire blazed for hours.
blaze
(1) n. [C] (sing.) 強烈的光，光輝
‧The sky became a blaze of fireworks tonight.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.)大火，烈火
‧It took the firefighters hours to put the blaze out.
3. gold n. [U] 黃金
‧We bought a ring made of gold for our grandmother for celebrating her birthday.
golden adj. 金黃色的；金製的
‧The golden fried chicken looks crisp and tasty.
6. shine
(1) vi. 發光，發亮
‧The sun is shining bright in the sky.
‧The car had been polished until it shone.
‧The bride's face shone with happiness in the wedding ceremony.
(2) vt. 投射(光)，照向
‧The hunter shone his torch into the dark cave.
7. dazzlingly adv. 使人目眩地，耀眼地
‧A pair of sunglasses will protect your eyes when you walk on roads with dazzlingly shining snow.
dazzling adj. 使人目眩的，耀眼的
‧The dazzling diamond necklace around Dora's neck caught the attention of many people.
dazzle vt. 使目眩，使眼花
‧I was dazzled by the headlights of the car.
9. supper n. [U] 晚餐
‧Lisa and her friends will go out and eat pizza for
xupper.
.
10. delighted adj. 快樂的，高興的
‧Lisa was delighted to accept Steve's invitation to the party.
‧The boss was delighted at Sara's presentation in the meeting.
delight vt. 使快樂，使高興
‧The speaker delighted his audience with his humor and intelligence.
‧Those boys always delight in teasing the old man about his bald head.
delight
(1) n. [U] 快樂，高興
‧Jane talked about her honeymoon in Hawaii with
delight.
‧To our delight, my grandparents will visit us
next week.
‧Ken always takes delight in teasing the
overweight girl.
(2) n. [C] 快樂的事
‧The coming wedding is a delight to Kelly and
her boyfriend.
12. shadow
(1) n. [C] 影子
‧Lily is very scared because a man is following
her like a shadow.
(2) n. [U] 陰影
‧It was so hot that many people sat in shadow for
getting cool.
‧The boy grew up in his intelligent brother's
shadow.
13.search
(1) vi. 搜尋
‧Tom searched through his pocket for the key.
‧The anxious mother searched for her missing
child.
(2) vt. 搜索，搜查
‧The policeman asked the thief to stand still and
searched him.
search n. [C] (usu. sing.) 找尋，搜尋
‧Once many people rushed to California in search
of gold.
14. sorrow
(1) n. [U] 悲傷，悲哀
‧Frank seemed to show great sorrow for what he
had done.
(2)n. [C] 引起悲傷的事
‧There are many joys and sorrows in a marriage.
15. barefoot adv. 赤腳地
‧You might get hurt if you walk barefoot on the
rough road.
16. plain
(1) adj. 樸素的
‧Although the man is rich, he enjoys a plain way
of life.
(2) adj. 淺顯易懂的，清楚的
‧The book is written in plain English for high
school students.
(3) adj. 直率的，坦白的
‧To be plain with you (= Frankly speaking),
I don't like the idea.
18. forehead n. [C] 額頭
字首“fore¬”表示「在…前面」，可與其他名詞結合，例：forearm (前臂)、forerunner (先驅者)、foreword (書的前言)。
19. visible adj. 看得見的，可看見的(相反詞：invisible)
‧The fierce fire of the forest was visible from miles away.
vision
(1) n. [U] 視力
‧It is said carrots are good for people's vision.
(2) n. [U] 遠見
‧I think our new leader is a man with vision.
21. gaze
(1) vi. 凝視，注視
‧The sick boy stayed at home and gazed at other
boys playing outside.
‧The man gazed into the pretty woman's eyes.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.) 凝視，注視
‧Sue looked at Jack in cold gaze and turned down
his invitation.
‧The actor often attracted an admiring gaze on the
stage.
‧The student told a lie and didn't dare to meet his
teacher's gaze. (與…目光相遇)
22. embrace
(1) vt. 擁抱
‧The couple embraced each other warmly at the
airport.
(2) n. [C] 擁抱
‧The young mother held her baby in a tight
embrace.
II. Words for Recognition
1. hilltop n. [C]山頂
其他與hilltop相關的字包括：hill (山丘)、hillside (山腰)和hilly (丘陵地形的)。
2. calf n. [C]小牛
其他與牛相關的字包括：bull (未去勢的公牛)、ox (已去勢的公牛)、buffalo (水牛)、cow (乳牛，母牛)。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. start off 啟程，出發
＊同義詞＊
start out
‧We are going to start off/out at dawn.
此外，start off sth有「使…開始」之意。例：
‧The chairman started off the meeting by making
a presentation.
2. keep someone company 作伴，陪伴
＊同義詞＊
keep company with sb, in company with sb
‧Don't feel upset. We will keep you company to go through the difficulty.
0.company在此為不可數名詞，指「陪伴」。例：
‧I enjoyed your company very much.
3.take a rest 休息
＊同義詞＊
take a break
‧Harry is a workaholic. We seldom see him take a
rest during work.
4. see for yourself 親自看
‧An old saying goes “Seeing is believing.” It
means you have to see for yourself in order to confirm that something does exist.
Grammar in Use
1. V¬ing..., S + V....
本課的兩個句型是介紹分詞構句的用法：造句時，該用現在分詞構句或是過去分詞構句，則視分詞構句中的動詞與主要子句中的主詞的主、被動關係而定。
形成分詞構句有以下幾個步驟：
(1)「連接詞」所引導子句的主詞與「主要子句」的主詞須相同，並將其省略。
(2) 省略引導子句的「連接詞」。
(3) 將連接詞引導的子句中之動詞改為「現在分詞」(V¬ing)，表主動語態；動詞若為被動語態，being或having been可保留，但多半省略，只留下「過去分詞」(V¬en)。
(4) 若有否定詞，一律置於分詞之前。例：
‧Not knowing (= Because Sean didn't know)
which school to go to, he asked his teacher for help.
以下針對由副詞子句和對等子句簡化而來的分詞構句舉例說明：
(1) 表「時間」的分詞構句：相當於連接詞when, as, while, as soon as, after等連接詞所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧When we heard the news, we all danced with joy.
→ Hearing the news, we all danced with joy.
‧As soon as the baby opened her eyes, she began to cry.
→ Opening her eyes, the baby began to cry.
‧After the writer had completed the book, he went on vacation.
→ Having completed the book, the writer went on vacation.
(2) 表「原因」或「理由」的分詞構句：相當於as, since, because等所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧Since Ted was sick, he was absent from school today.
→ Being sick, Ted was absent from school today.
以下補充表「條件」、「讓步」、「連續」和「附帶狀況」的子句所簡化的分詞構句用法：
(1) 表「條件」的分詞構句：相當於if所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
→ United, we stand; divided, we fall.
(2) 表「讓步」的分詞構句：相當於though或although等引導的副詞子句。例：
‧Although I admit Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
→ Admitting Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
‧Though Henry is unemployed, he still leads a happy life.
→ (Being) unemployed, Henry still leads a happy life.
(3) 表示「連續」或「附帶狀態」的分詞構句：用來表示兩個動作發生的順序關係或附帶說明事情。例：
‧We went home, and we found the door was open. (表連續)
→ We went home, finding the door was open.
‧Kelly wrote Adam a letter, and she thanked him for his timely help. (表附帶狀況)
→ Kelly wrote Adam a letter, thanking him for his timely help.
＊句型練習補充：
利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. Because Tina had started the course, she was determined to complete it.
→
2. When the boy discovered a dead body in the park, he called the police at once.
→
3. As soon as we turned right at the corner, we saw the post office.
→
4. When she arrived home, she heard the telephone ringing.
→
5. As soon as the glass fell to the floor, it broke into pieces.
→
6. As he has lived in the United States for many years, he can speak English very well.
→
7. If you exercise every day, you will lose weight.
→
8. Although he made a big mistake, he did not apologize.
→
2. Vpp..., S + V....
這個句型是介紹過去分詞構句，屬於被動用法，過去分詞構句中的being或having been常省略。例：
‧Because the vase is made of glass, it is fragile.
→ (Being) made of glass, the vase is fragile.
‧As the manager was impressed by Joe's work, he
decided to promote him.
→ (Being) impressed by Joe's work, the manager
decided to promote him.
‧When the actress was asked a personal question,
she remained silent.
→ (Being) asked a personal question, the actress
remained silent.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. When I was punished by my parents today, I felt very sad.
→
2. Because Amy was brought up in the countryside, she couldn't get used to city life.
→
3. When Hal was hit by a car, he was taken to the hospital without delay.
→
4. Although he was tired, he continued to work on his experiment.
→
5. As I was left alone in the big house, I was really scared.
→
6. Although the murderer was described as a young man at first, he was actually an old man.
→
B. E¬Flying旅行社正在促銷他們的太空旅遊行程，利用主動或被動分詞構句改寫下列的句子。
1. If you are tired of traditional ways of travel, you should try our Easy Space Travel.
→
2. When you sign up for the package, you'll receive online astronaut training.
→
3. When you get into space, you will have a chance of getting a good view of the Earth.
→
4. After you land on the moon, you can gather some rocks there.
→
5. If you are lost in space, you'll find your way back through our satellite guiding system.
→
English Workshop
I. A Happy Family
1. 進行本活動前，教師可以先跟學生介紹一些家庭類型的名稱，及其包含的家庭成員(family members)：
(1) Nuclear Familyparents, biological or adoptive children
(2) Extended FamilyIn addition to parents and children, it consists of other family members, such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and so on.
(3) Single¬parent FamilyOne parent with children
(4) Childless FamilyParents without children
2. 之後可詢問學生他們的家庭類型，教師再帶入Family Tree的觀念，請學生畫出自己的Family Tree。例：
3. 進行到精神層面(spiritual parts)的討論時，教師可進一步詢問學生要透過何種方式，才能傳達對家人的情感？以下舉例供參考：
教師可抽點並詢問學生是否有透過上面所列的方式對家人表達情感，或是他們可舉出其他自己用來表達情感的方式。
4. 進行到物質層面(material requirements)的討論時，教師可再列出一些東西讓學生選擇對於幸福家庭而言是否需要。
II. Practice
學生討論完心目中的幸福家庭後，教師可請學生利用課本p.155所提示的文章段落，引導學生進行段落寫作。待學生完成後，教師也可抽點幾位學生上臺朗誦。以下提供一則範文供參考：
Conversation
鮑伯跟莫妮卡這兩位學生正試著定義「幸福家庭」一詞。(B = 鮑伯，M = 莫妮卡)
B: 對我來說，一個美滿幸福的家庭意味著每個人在人生高低起伏時彼此照顧及互相分享。
M: 但是我不了解貧窮的家庭要如何分享？如果他們在一開始就沒有任何東西，他們就只能一起受苦。
B: 這不只是關於錢而已，我是指情感上的支持。
M: 你是指貧窮家庭不會因為有更多的錢而變得比較快樂？
B: 當然不是這樣。我說的是錢跟幸福不是必然有關聯的。舉例來說，很多有錢的家庭也不快樂。
M: 我是說很多貧窮的家庭不快樂，是因為他們有更多因艱困的生活環境而引發的衝突。
1. ups and downs是指「人生或事業的起起落落」。例：
‧Mr. Smith had his ups and downs in his career.
2. But I don't understand how poor families can share....
how poor families can share為間接問句，在間接問句中，主詞和動詞不倒裝。例：
‧The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where was the report. (×)
The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where the report was. (○)
3. to begin with表示「一開始」，同義詞有at first和in the beginning。例：
‧I hated math to begin with. Now, I really like it.
4.even if = even though 即使…
‧Andy will go to Japan and work there even if
he doesn't have much money.
5. What I'm saying is that money and happiness
aren't necessarily connected.
(1) what為複合關係代名詞，相當於all
that，後面動詞需用單數。例：
‧What Leo is saying doesn't make any sense.
(2) ...that money and...connected.
此that子句作為句子的主詞補語，補充說明what I'm saying的內容。
6. ...they have more conflicts caused by their
difficult living conditions.
caused by their difficult living conditions為關係子句省略的分詞片語，原句為which are caused by their difficult living conditions。
B: 他們可能有更多的問題要面對，但是那不一定會導致家庭中彼此關係的惡劣。事實上，一起奮鬥會使家人關係更密切。
M: 所以，你不太在乎你的小孩是否窮困，因為他們仍然可以快樂幸福？
B: 這不是我所要表達的意思。我定義一個美滿幸福的家庭是要有好的生活環境跟良好關係的綜合。
M: 理想中，是的。然而關係可能因為環境不好而破裂。
B: 沒錯，但是，好的生活環境也不一定都會產生良好的關係。
7. lead to為「導致，引起」之意，同義詞有：
cause, result in, contribute to, bring about等。例：
‧Global warming leads to the rise of sea levels.
8. ...make family relationships even stronger.
stronger為比較級形容詞。修飾比較級形容詞可用even, much, a lot, a little, far等副詞。例：
‧Many people believe that women are much more emotional than men.
9. ...you wouldn't care too much if your children were poor....
10. I'd define a happy family as one having a mixture of good....
(1) define A as B解釋為「定義A為B」。例：
‧We define a good student as one who is well¬
behaved and active in learning.
(2) one having...good relationship為關係子句省略的分詞片語，原句為one which/that has a mixture...relationships.。
11. break down除了有「(關係)破裂」的意思外，還可以指「汽車或機器故障」。例：
‧On our way to Tainan, our car broke down on the highway.
Listening Practice
本課聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型，在進行測驗前，教師可先讓同學複習以下的字彙或用語，以增進他們的理解能力。
2. useful adj.有用的，有幫助的
keep...from... 阻止…
4. take a break 休息片刻
a waste of time 浪費時間
5. too...to... 太…以至於不能…
[聽力腳本]
☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1. propose to sb表示「向某人求婚」。
3. Following the footprints left by the thief為分詞構句，是由副詞子句When the police followed... thief簡化而來；而the footprints left...是由關係子句which/that had been left by the thief簡化的分詞片語。
4. express sorrow at...為「對…表示悲痛」之意。
5. shooting star n. [C] 流星
visible to the naked eye表示「肉眼看得見的」。
8 .fancy adj. 昂貴的
outfit n. [C]全套服裝
II. Blank¬filling
1. on a journey to...為「去某地旅行」。
2. spend time (in) V¬ing表示「花時間做某事」。
III. Multiple Choice
1. Brought up in a big city....為分詞構句，原句為Because Ken was brought up in a big city....。
2. Raising the child on his own....為分詞構句，原句為Because John raised the child on his own....。on one's own為「獨自地」。
3. Here comes...on her face.為地方副詞的倒裝句，可還原為：An elegant lady with a smile on her face comes here.。with表示「帶著…」。
4. Between two hills...through the valley.原句可還原為：A clean and clear stream...between two hills.。
5. workaholic n. [C]工作狂
IV. Translation
1. to one's sorrow表示「令某人悲傷的是」。
☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 金色的窗，周增祥譯著。宇宙光出版，1989。
2. 家有可為幸福家庭與良好的溝通習慣，柯永河著。張老師文化出版，1995。
3. 孩子的未來，從家庭開始，高瑩君譯。天下雜誌出版，2006。
4. 知足就是幸福，千江月著。普天出版社出版，2007。
5. 知足生活，幸福滿分，燕尾蕨著。好FUN文化出版，2007。
B.相關網站
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_E._Richards (關於原作者Laura E. Richards的生平和作品介紹)
2. http://www.silentwords.com/Family.html
(一些關於family的詩)
1. 藉由本課文章，讓學生了解到要審視自己既有的幸福，以及能知福惜福。
2. 學習本課單字、片語以及句型：V¬ing..., S + V....和Vpp..., S + V....，進而正確地運用。
3. 藉由本課English Workshop單元，使學生了解到美滿家庭的定義並無特定的標準，如果願意調整心態，每個人都能擁有幸福家庭。
☆本課導讀
本課藉由一篇故事，闡述「知福惜福」的重要性。主角是一名農家小男孩，在一次休息日中，去另一座山頭上找尋只在黃昏時刻出現金色窗戶的房子；原本小男孩以為那戶人家應是有錢人，結果那邊也住著務農人家。最後小男孩終於發現金色窗戶並不是由黃金打造，而是夕陽餘暉照耀在他自己的家窗戶玻璃上所反射出的金色光芒。得到答案後的小男孩滿心歡喜地回家，奔向心中有金色窗戶的房子。
文中雖未明確提出「知福惜福」的觀念，但在故事結尾處，作者藉由爸爸詢問小男孩是否有學到新的東西，來引導讀者省思讀完故事後是否有所啟示？學生可以藉由這個故事去審視自己是否忽視本身既有的幸福，並詢問自己已擁有的幸福在哪裡？
Warm-up
做此活動時，教師可先詢問學生：What do you see in the picture?讓學生藉由此問題專心於圖片中找尋線索。
如果還有時間，教師可補充下列的問題，讓學生更了解此圖要傳達的意義。
‧After having worked all day, the boy looked
tired. So, do you think it was at sunrise or at sunset?
‧What did the boy look at?
‧Can you describe what the house on the hill
looked like?
‧Do you think the boy would envy the people in
the house with the golden windows?
Reading
男孩來自貧窮的務農家庭。他每天從早到晚勤奮地工作著，日落前的一個小時是他僅有的空閒時間。在那時，男孩會爬到他家田地後面的山坡頂，遠眺幾哩遠的另一座山。在那遙遠的山頂上，矗立著有金光閃閃如同鑽石般閃耀窗戶的房子。那窗戶光彩奪目地閃耀著，直到那屋主在傍晚時分關起窗戶的遮板。然後，男孩就知道是時候回家吃晚餐了。
1. all day long = all day 一整天
‧The lazy girl usually sleeps all day (long) on
Sundays.
2. Far away on that hill stood a house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds.
→ A house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds stood far away on that hill.
此為地方副詞提前的倒裝句，真正的主詞在a house with windows...diamonds。教師可再舉其他例句加深學生印象。例：
‧Here comes the bus.
→ The bus comes here.
‧In the tree stands a bird.
→ A bird stands in the tree.
3. The windows shone dazzlingly until the owners of....
until為「直到…」之意，後面可接名詞、片語
或子句。例：
‧Sally studied English until dawn.
‧The manager has a tight schedule until the end
of this year.
‧I'll keep you company until the bus comes.
4. ...it was time to go home for supper.
有一天，男孩的父親告訴他：「你得到了一天的假期。把握住屬於你自己的這天假期，但也要記得這是老天給你的，所以試著去學好的事物。」男孩很開心，謝謝他爸爸以及親吻他媽媽後，男孩啟程去找尋那棟有金色窗戶的房子。
1. “...Take this day for your own, but remember that God gave it to you, so try to learn something good.”
but和so兩個連接詞連接三句祈使句。祈使句
中省略主詞you，用動詞原形。例：
‧Before starting class, our teacher said “Be
attentive in class and take notes!”
2 .Having thanked his father and kissed his mother, the boy started off....
這是趟愉悅的散步。當他回頭看時，他的腳印似乎在跟他作伴，他的影子也一樣陪在他左右，跟他一起手舞足蹈和奔跑。
1. walk在此為可數名詞，表示「散步」。例：
‧Let's take the dog for a walk in the park.
2. ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, dancing and running along.
→ ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, and danced and ran along.
dancing and running along為省略對等連接詞and的分詞構句。
走了許久後，他來到一座大山丘。在山頂上就是他一直在找尋的那棟房子，但卻沒有在遠方時所看見的金色窗戶。令他難過的是，這裡的窗戶就像其他一般的窗戶一樣，只是有著乾淨的玻璃。
1. Having walked for a long time, he came to a
big hill.
2. At the top was the house he had been searching for....
(1) 此為地方副詞的倒裝句，原句為：The house he had been searching for was at the top....。
(2) search for = look for = seek 尋找
3. to his sorrow解釋為「令他感到難過的是」，為“to one's N”的用法，常見的有：to one's surprise, to one's joy等。
‧To my surprise, Peter showed up in the meeting in spite of his serious illness.
‧To our joy, our team won first place in the basketball game.
一位婦人來到門邊，親切地詢問男孩要做什麼。
他回答：「我從我們那邊的山丘上看到妳房子的金色窗戶。我來這裡是想看看那些窗戶，但我現在發現它們只是玻璃而已。」
這婦人搖搖頭並且笑著。
她回答說：「我們是貧窮的農家，窗戶上並沒有黃金喔！」
1. ...and kindly asked the boy what he wanted.
此為間接問句作受詞的用法，間接問句中語序不倒裝。例：
‧I don't know where Bill went.
婦人進屋內拿些食物給男孩。被款待一杯牛奶和一塊蛋糕後，男孩決定在那邊休息一下。之後，婦人呼喚她的女兒過來，她女兒與男孩同歲數。跟男孩一樣，這位小女孩赤腳走進來。她穿著一件樸素的棉布洋裝…
1. The woman went in to get the boy some food.
get解釋為「拿取」，為授與動詞；the boy為間接受詞IO，some food為直接受詞DO，此句型還可改為get DO for IO。例：
1‧The woman went in to get some food for the boy.
2. Offered a glass of milk and a cake, the boy decided to take a rest there.
3. ..., who was the same age as the boy.
此為非限定關係子句，用以補充說明先行詞her daughter，注意，who不可用that取代。
4. 副詞barefoot在此修飾前面的動詞came in。
例：
‧The couple danced barefoot on the beach.
…但是她的髮色就如他看到的窗戶一樣是金色的，而且她的眼睛藍得像正午的天空。她帶領男孩參觀她家的田地和在額頭上有白色星星斑紋的小黑牛。很快地，他們就成為朋友，而且男孩詢問她有關金色窗戶的事情。小女孩說她知道那些窗戶，但他弄錯了房子。
5. ...but her hair was as golden as the windows he'd seen....
6. mistaken在此為形容詞，表示「弄錯的，誤解的」。例：
‧If I am not mistaken, we should hand in the report this Friday.
她說道：「你來錯地方了！跟我來，去親眼看看有金色窗戶的房子。」
他們到農舍後面的山丘，小女孩告訴他金色的窗戶只能在日落時分看見。
「是的，我知道！」男孩說道。
1. at sunset是指「黃昏日落時」，相反詞是at sunrise「日出」。例：
‧The students take the flag down at sunset every day.
在山頂上，小女孩轉身並指著那棟座落在遙遠山丘上有著黃金和鑽石窗戶的房子。男孩發現那房子就是他自己的家。
1. ...there on a faraway hill stood a house with windows of gold and diamonds.
(1) 此為倒裝句，原句為：A house with windows of gold and diamonds stood there on a faraway hill.。
(2) with解釋為「帶有…」。例：
‧Did you see a girl with blue eyes?
之後，他告訴小女孩他必須走了。他承諾會再過來，但並沒有告訴女孩他領悟到什麼事情。小女孩站在夕陽下，注視著男孩走下山丘。
1. ...but he did not tell her what he had learned.
what...learned為間接問句，作為tell的受詞。
2. ..., gazing at him as he walked down the hill.
(1)此為省略and的分詞構句，原句為...and she gazed at him as he walked down the hill.。
(2) as在此解釋為「當…的時候」。例：
‧As we went to the beach, it started to rain.
當男孩到家時天色已暗，但從窗戶透出閃耀的燈光，幾乎就像他之前從山頂上看到的金色窗戶一樣明亮。當他打開門時，他的媽媽親吻他，小妹妹也跑去擁抱他。他的爸爸從火爐旁的座位上抬頭看他並且微笑著。
1. It was already dark by the time the boy reached home....
by the time為「到…的時候」。例：
‧The airplane had taken off by the time John reached the airport.
2. ...and smiled from his seat by the fire.
by為「在…旁邊」之意。例：
‧By the lake stood a beautiful cabin.
「今天過得開心嗎？」爸爸問道。
男孩說：「有啊，很開心的一天。」
「有學到任何事嗎？」爸爸問道。
男孩說：「有！我學到我們家也有黃金和鑽石般閃亮的窗戶。」
Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題的答案，學生只需看懂課文，即可推論出答案。
2. 在回答第二題前，老師不妨可以先舉例，讓學生可以依照老師的範例，說出自己的親身經驗。
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. diligently adv. 勤奮地，勤勉地
‧Martin studied diligently in order to get good grades.
diligent adj. 勤奮的，勤勉的
‧Helen has become a diligent student ever since she decided to study abroad.
diligence n. [U] 勤奮，勤勉
‧Andy got a promotion because he worked with great diligence.
2. sunset n. [U] 日落(時分)，黃昏(相反詞：sunrise)
‧At sunset, the students went home for supper.
‧It is said that the textile industry in Taiwan is a sunset industry.
3. blaze
(1) vi. 發光，閃耀
‧There was a campfire blazing in front of the tent.
(2) vi. 熊熊燃燒
‧The forest fire blazed for hours.
blaze
(1) n. [C] (sing.) 強烈的光，光輝
‧The sky became a blaze of fireworks tonight.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.)大火，烈火
‧It took the firefighters hours to put the blaze out.
3. gold n. [U] 黃金
‧We bought a ring made of gold for our grandmother for celebrating her birthday.
golden adj. 金黃色的；金製的
‧The golden fried chicken looks crisp and tasty.
6. shine
(1) vi. 發光，發亮
‧The sun is shining bright in the sky.
‧The car had been polished until it shone.
‧The bride's face shone with happiness in the wedding ceremony.
(2) vt. 投射(光)，照向
‧The hunter shone his torch into the dark cave.
7. dazzlingly adv. 使人目眩地，耀眼地
‧A pair of sunglasses will protect your eyes when you walk on roads with dazzlingly shining snow.
dazzling adj. 使人目眩的，耀眼的
‧The dazzling diamond necklace around Dora's neck caught the attention of many people.
dazzle vt. 使目眩，使眼花
‧I was dazzled by the headlights of the car.
9. supper n. [U] 晚餐
‧Lisa and her friends will go out and eat pizza for
xupper.
.
10. delighted adj. 快樂的，高興的
‧Lisa was delighted to accept Steve's invitation to the party.
‧The boss was delighted at Sara's presentation in the meeting.
delight vt. 使快樂，使高興
‧The speaker delighted his audience with his humor and intelligence.
‧Those boys always delight in teasing the old man about his bald head.
delight
(1) n. [U] 快樂，高興
‧Jane talked about her honeymoon in Hawaii with
delight.
‧To our delight, my grandparents will visit us
next week.
‧Ken always takes delight in teasing the
overweight girl.
(2) n. [C] 快樂的事
‧The coming wedding is a delight to Kelly and
her boyfriend.
12. shadow
(1) n. [C] 影子
‧Lily is very scared because a man is following
her like a shadow.
(2) n. [U] 陰影
‧It was so hot that many people sat in shadow for
getting cool.
‧The boy grew up in his intelligent brother's
shadow.
13.search
(1) vi. 搜尋
‧Tom searched through his pocket for the key.
‧The anxious mother searched for her missing
child.
(2) vt. 搜索，搜查
‧The policeman asked the thief to stand still and
searched him.
search n. [C] (usu. sing.) 找尋，搜尋
‧Once many people rushed to California in search
of gold.
14. sorrow
(1) n. [U] 悲傷，悲哀
‧Frank seemed to show great sorrow for what he
had done.
(2)n. [C] 引起悲傷的事
‧There are many joys and sorrows in a marriage.
15. barefoot adv. 赤腳地
‧You might get hurt if you walk barefoot on the
rough road.
16. plain
(1) adj. 樸素的
‧Although the man is rich, he enjoys a plain way
of life.
(2) adj. 淺顯易懂的，清楚的
‧The book is written in plain English for high
school students.
(3) adj. 直率的，坦白的
‧To be plain with you (= Frankly speaking),
I don't like the idea.
18. forehead n. [C] 額頭
字首“fore¬”表示「在…前面」，可與其他名詞結合，例：forearm (前臂)、forerunner (先驅者)、foreword (書的前言)。
19. visible adj. 看得見的，可看見的(相反詞：invisible)
‧The fierce fire of the forest was visible from miles away.
vision
(1) n. [U] 視力
‧It is said carrots are good for people's vision.
(2) n. [U] 遠見
‧I think our new leader is a man with vision.
21. gaze
(1) vi. 凝視，注視
‧The sick boy stayed at home and gazed at other
boys playing outside.
‧The man gazed into the pretty woman's eyes.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.) 凝視，注視
‧Sue looked at Jack in cold gaze and turned down
his invitation.
‧The actor often attracted an admiring gaze on the
stage.
‧The student told a lie and didn't dare to meet his
teacher's gaze. (與…目光相遇)
22. embrace
(1) vt. 擁抱
‧The couple embraced each other warmly at the
airport.
(2) n. [C] 擁抱
‧The young mother held her baby in a tight
embrace.
II. Words for Recognition
1. hilltop n. [C]山頂
其他與hilltop相關的字包括：hill (山丘)、hillside (山腰)和hilly (丘陵地形的)。
2. calf n. [C]小牛
其他與牛相關的字包括：bull (未去勢的公牛)、ox (已去勢的公牛)、buffalo (水牛)、cow (乳牛，母牛)。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. start off 啟程，出發
＊同義詞＊
start out
‧We are going to start off/out at dawn.
此外，start off sth有「使…開始」之意。例：
‧The chairman started off the meeting by making
a presentation.
2. keep someone company 作伴，陪伴
＊同義詞＊
keep company with sb, in company with sb
‧Don't feel upset. We will keep you company to go through the difficulty.
0.company在此為不可數名詞，指「陪伴」。例：
‧I enjoyed your company very much.
3.take a rest 休息
＊同義詞＊
take a break
‧Harry is a workaholic. We seldom see him take a
rest during work.
4. see for yourself 親自看
‧An old saying goes “Seeing is believing.” It
means you have to see for yourself in order to confirm that something does exist.
Grammar in Use
1. V¬ing..., S + V....
本課的兩個句型是介紹分詞構句的用法：造句時，該用現在分詞構句或是過去分詞構句，則視分詞構句中的動詞與主要子句中的主詞的主、被動關係而定。
形成分詞構句有以下幾個步驟：
(1)「連接詞」所引導子句的主詞與「主要子句」的主詞須相同，並將其省略。
(2) 省略引導子句的「連接詞」。
(3) 將連接詞引導的子句中之動詞改為「現在分詞」(V¬ing)，表主動語態；動詞若為被動語態，being或having been可保留，但多半省略，只留下「過去分詞」(V¬en)。
(4) 若有否定詞，一律置於分詞之前。例：
‧Not knowing (= Because Sean didn't know)
which school to go to, he asked his teacher for help.
以下針對由副詞子句和對等子句簡化而來的分詞構句舉例說明：
(1) 表「時間」的分詞構句：相當於連接詞when, as, while, as soon as, after等連接詞所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧When we heard the news, we all danced with joy.
→ Hearing the news, we all danced with joy.
‧As soon as the baby opened her eyes, she began to cry.
→ Opening her eyes, the baby began to cry.
‧After the writer had completed the book, he went on vacation.
→ Having completed the book, the writer went on vacation.
(2) 表「原因」或「理由」的分詞構句：相當於as, since, because等所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧Since Ted was sick, he was absent from school today.
→ Being sick, Ted was absent from school today.
以下補充表「條件」、「讓步」、「連續」和「附帶狀況」的子句所簡化的分詞構句用法：
(1) 表「條件」的分詞構句：相當於if所引導的副詞子句。例：
‧If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
→ United, we stand; divided, we fall.
(2) 表「讓步」的分詞構句：相當於though或although等引導的副詞子句。例：
‧Although I admit Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
→ Admitting Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
‧Though Henry is unemployed, he still leads a happy life.
→ (Being) unemployed, Henry still leads a happy life.
(3) 表示「連續」或「附帶狀態」的分詞構句：用來表示兩個動作發生的順序關係或附帶說明事情。例：
‧We went home, and we found the door was open. (表連續)
→ We went home, finding the door was open.
‧Kelly wrote Adam a letter, and she thanked him for his timely help. (表附帶狀況)
→ Kelly wrote Adam a letter, thanking him for his timely help.
＊句型練習補充：
利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. Because Tina had started the course, she was determined to complete it.
→
2. When the boy discovered a dead body in the park, he called the police at once.
→
3. As soon as we turned right at the corner, we saw the post office.
→
4. When she arrived home, she heard the telephone ringing.
→
5. As soon as the glass fell to the floor, it broke into pieces.
→
6. As he has lived in the United States for many years, he can speak English very well.
→
7. If you exercise every day, you will lose weight.
→
8. Although he made a big mistake, he did not apologize.
→
2. Vpp..., S + V....
這個句型是介紹過去分詞構句，屬於被動用法，過去分詞構句中的being或having been常省略。例：
‧Because the vase is made of glass, it is fragile.
→ (Being) made of glass, the vase is fragile.
‧As the manager was impressed by Joe's work, he
decided to promote him.
→ (Being) impressed by Joe's work, the manager
decided to promote him.
‧When the actress was asked a personal question,
she remained silent.
→ (Being) asked a personal question, the actress
remained silent.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. When I was punished by my parents today, I felt very sad.
→
2. Because Amy was brought up in the countryside, she couldn't get used to city life.
→
3. When Hal was hit by a car, he was taken to the hospital without delay.
→
4. Although he was tired, he continued to work on his experiment.
→
5. As I was left alone in the big house, I was really scared.
→
6. Although the murderer was described as a young man at first, he was actually an old man.
→
B. E¬Flying旅行社正在促銷他們的太空旅遊行程，利用主動或被動分詞構句改寫下列的句子。
1. If you are tired of traditional ways of travel, you should try our Easy Space Travel.
→
2. When you sign up for the package, you'll receive online astronaut training.
→
3. When you get into space, you will have a chance of getting a good view of the Earth.
→
4. After you land on the moon, you can gather some rocks there.
→
5. If you are lost in space, you'll find your way back through our satellite guiding system.
→
English Workshop
I. A Happy Family
1. 進行本活動前，教師可以先跟學生介紹一些家庭類型的名稱，及其包含的家庭成員(family members)：
(1) Nuclear Familyparents, biological or adoptive children
(2) Extended FamilyIn addition to parents and children, it consists of other family members, such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and so on.
(3) Single¬parent FamilyOne parent with children
(4) Childless FamilyParents without children
2. 之後可詢問學生他們的家庭類型，教師再帶入Family Tree的觀念，請學生畫出自己的Family Tree。例：
3. 進行到精神層面(spiritual parts)的討論時，教師可進一步詢問學生要透過何種方式，才能傳達對家人的情感？以下舉例供參考：
教師可抽點並詢問學生是否有透過上面所列的方式對家人表達情感，或是他們可舉出其他自己用來表達情感的方式。
4. 進行到物質層面(material requirements)的討論時，教師可再列出一些東西讓學生選擇對於幸福家庭而言是否需要。
II. Practice
學生討論完心目中的幸福家庭後，教師可請學生利用課本p.155所提示的文章段落，引導學生進行段落寫作。待學生完成後，教師也可抽點幾位學生上臺朗誦。以下提供一則範文供參考：
Conversation
鮑伯跟莫妮卡這兩位學生正試著定義「幸福家庭」一詞。(B = 鮑伯，M = 莫妮卡)
B: 對我來說，一個美滿幸福的家庭意味著每個人在人生高低起伏時彼此照顧及互相分享。
M: 但是我不了解貧窮的家庭要如何分享？如果他們在一開始就沒有任何東西，他們就只能一起受苦。
B: 這不只是關於錢而已，我是指情感上的支持。
M: 你是指貧窮家庭不會因為有更多的錢而變得比較快樂？
B: 當然不是這樣。我說的是錢跟幸福不是必然有關聯的。舉例來說，很多有錢的家庭也不快樂。
M: 我是說很多貧窮的家庭不快樂，是因為他們有更多因艱困的生活環境而引發的衝突。
1. ups and downs是指「人生或事業的起起落落」。例：
‧Mr. Smith had his ups and downs in his career.
2. But I don't understand how poor families can share....
how poor families can share為間接問句，在間接問句中，主詞和動詞不倒裝。例：
‧The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where was the report. (×)
The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where the report was. (○)
3. to begin with表示「一開始」，同義詞有at first和in the beginning。例：
‧I hated math to begin with. Now, I really like it.
4.even if = even though 即使…
‧Andy will go to Japan and work there even if
he doesn't have much money.
5. What I'm saying is that money and happiness
aren't necessarily connected.
(1) what為複合關係代名詞，相當於all
that，後面動詞需用單數。例：
‧What Leo is saying doesn't make any sense.
(2) ...that money and...connected.
此that子句作為句子的主詞補語，補充說明what I'm saying的內容。
6. ...they have more conflicts caused by their
difficult living conditions.
caused by their difficult living conditions為關係子句省略的分詞片語，原句為which are caused by their difficult living conditions。
B: 他們可能有更多的問題要面對，但是那不一定會導致家庭中彼此關係的惡劣。事實上，一起奮鬥會使家人關係更密切。
M: 所以，你不太在乎你的小孩是否窮困，因為他們仍然可以快樂幸福？
B: 這不是我所要表達的意思。我定義一個美滿幸福的家庭是要有好的生活環境跟良好關係的綜合。
M: 理想中，是的。然而關係可能因為環境不好而破裂。
B: 沒錯，但是，好的生活環境也不一定都會產生良好的關係。
7. lead to為「導致，引起」之意，同義詞有：
cause, result in, contribute to, bring about等。例：
‧Global warming leads to the rise of sea levels.
8. ...make family relationships even stronger.
stronger為比較級形容詞。修飾比較級形容詞可用even, much, a lot, a little, far等副詞。例：
‧Many people believe that women are much more emotional than men.
9. ...you wouldn't care too much if your children were poor....
10. I'd define a happy family as one having a mixture of good....
(1) define A as B解釋為「定義A為B」。例：
‧We define a good student as one who is well¬
behaved and active in learning.
(2) one having...good relationship為關係子句省略的分詞片語，原句為one which/that has a mixture...relationships.。
11. break down除了有「(關係)破裂」的意思外，還可以指「汽車或機器故障」。例：
‧On our way to Tainan, our car broke down on the highway.
Listening Practice
本課聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型，在進行測驗前，教師可先讓同學複習以下的字彙或用語，以增進他們的理解能力。
2. useful adj.有用的，有幫助的
keep...from... 阻止…
4. take a break 休息片刻
a waste of time 浪費時間
5. too...to... 太…以至於不能…
[聽力腳本]
☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1. propose to sb表示「向某人求婚」。
3. Following the footprints left by the thief為分詞構句，是由副詞子句When the police followed... thief簡化而來；而the footprints left...是由關係子句which/that had been left by the thief簡化的分詞片語。
4. express sorrow at...為「對…表示悲痛」之意。
5. shooting star n. [C] 流星
visible to the naked eye表示「肉眼看得見的」。
8 .fancy adj. 昂貴的
outfit n. [C]全套服裝
II. Blank¬filling
1. on a journey to...為「去某地旅行」。
2. spend time (in) V¬ing表示「花時間做某事」。
III. Multiple Choice
1. Brought up in a big city....為分詞構句，原句為Because Ken was brought up in a big city....。
2. Raising the child on his own....為分詞構句，原句為Because John raised the child on his own....。on one's own為「獨自地」。
3. Here comes...on her face.為地方副詞的倒裝句，可還原為：An elegant lady with a smile on her face comes here.。with表示「帶著…」。
4. Between two hills...through the valley.原句可還原為：A clean and clear stream...between two hills.。
5. workaholic n. [C]工作狂
IV. Translation
1. to one's sorrow表示「令某人悲傷的是」。
☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 金色的窗，周增祥譯著。宇宙光出版，1989。
2. 家有可為幸福家庭與良好的溝通習慣，柯永河著。張老師文化出版，1995。
3. 孩子的未來，從家庭開始，高瑩君譯。天下雜誌出版，2006。
4. 知足就是幸福，千江月著。普天出版社出版，2007。
5. 知足生活，幸福滿分，燕尾蕨著。好FUN文化出版，2007。
B.相關網站
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_E._Richards (關於原作者Laura E. Richards的生平和作品介紹)
2. http://www.silentwords.com/Family.html
(一些關於family的詩)
英文第五冊第六課課文解說
☆教學目標
1. 本課首先介紹讀書計畫的定義及其效用，然後以實例說明在申請學校時，應如何撰寫讀書計畫以呈現申請者的就讀意願。其中點出學生應如何將在校表現、興趣嗜好與所申請的科系加以連結，從而讓申請的校系注意到該學生的申請案件。經由此課，學生也可學習如何規劃生涯方向及表達個人未來志向。
2. 學習並活用本課兩大句型 + + wh¬ + + ....及從屬連接詞Subordinating Conjunctions的用法。
3. 藉由對話教導學生參加推甄或申請入學面試時所應注意的事項。
☆本課導讀
隨著多元入學方案的實施，目前在臺灣的高中、高職學生在畢業後的升學管道也隨之多元化。除了參加傳統入學考試，依分數高低分發進入各校就讀外，也可依個人意願向大專校院提出申請，或經由就讀學校推薦的方式通過大學審查，達成上大學的目標。本課以實際例子解說若學生想採用申請或推甄的方式進入大學，申請者應如何撰寫讀書計畫來使評審委員了解自己想就讀該系所的原因與目標。
教師在講解課文的過程中，除了向學生做文字說明及句法闡釋外，若時間許可，可以對撰寫讀書計畫的通則加以整理說明：
1. 應該明確指出個人對申請科系課程的意願。
2. 應該敘述所申請科系課程與個人興趣的關聯性，並說明所申請科系課程為何有助於個人的生涯規劃。
3. 應該提供明確的個人資訊，避免落入空泛敘述。
4. 適時藉著細節舉例描述，說明自己的能力、個性及在校的表現成果，以加強讀書計畫的說服力。
5. 應該請撰寫推薦函的師長過目自己的讀書計畫，並請他們提出建言。
6. 務必確認文法與拼字的正確性。
Warm-up
本課課前活動是經由申請入學步驟的排序，幫助學生了解申請入學的基本流程。在活動進行前，教師可先解釋何謂讀書計畫及強調讀書計畫、履歷表對入學申請及面試的重要性。除此之外，教師也可先帶領學生閱讀活動中的英文敘述，以確保學生了解英文句子中的專有名詞。
此活動的目的不全然是為了得到全班一致的標準答案，重點應放在如何激勵學生自行去了解申請大學的相關準備事項，並確實執行每一個申請環節。
Redaing
讀書計畫(SOP)即是一篇陳述個人為何有意就讀某大學系所的短篇論文。由於許多大專院校都要求在申請入學時附上一份讀書計畫，所以最好儘早準備。
1. ... a short essay about yourself [that explains why you want to study...].
(1) ...a short essay about yourself that explains....
(2) ...explains why you want to study....
此為 + + wh¬ + + ....的間接問句句型。詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
2. Since an SOP is required in applications to many colleges and universities, ...prepare one early on .
(1) since為從屬連接詞，引導表原因的從屬子句，意思為「因為，即然」，可和because或as代換。關於從屬連接詞的詳細用法，請參見本課句型解析二。
(2) one是指上面提到的SOP。
(3) early on表示「在早期的時候」。在此強調在申請大學的流程初期最好儘早準備。例：
‧Jessie decided early on that she would not
marry Joe.
一篇好的讀書計畫應明確指出你對於選擇的課程所設定的目標。它也應該包括這課程與你的興趣有什麼關聯性，以及為何該課程有助於你未來的職場生涯。為了要說服閱讀者，你的讀書計畫應提供關於個人的特殊資訊。舉例來說，如果你想攻讀電腦科學，要避免空泛的敘述像是「我喜歡使用電腦」。相反地，應試著提出更具體的資訊。
1. ...point out the goals [you have for your chosen program].
(1) you have for your chosen program為省略受格that的關係子句，修飾先行詞the goals。
(2)chosen為分詞作形容詞的用法，修飾program。
2. It should also include [how the program is connected to your interests and why...].
(1) 此為 + + wh¬ + + ....句型。詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
(2) be connected to = be related to，表示「有關聯」。例：
‧Terry's memory loss is connected/related
to his brain tumor.
3. To persuade the people reading it ....
(1) To persuade為不定詞開頭的句子，表目的，可代換為In order to persuade....。
(2) ...the people reading it....
→ ...the people who read it....。
此為限定關係子句省略而來的分詞片語用法。
4. ...if you want..., avoid general statements....
此為假設法的真實條件句，表假設情況有可能發生，故句子用直說法
比較適當的例子如下所示：「我喜歡網頁設計，也曾為學校的電腦課設計圖解說明，因而在校內獲獎。為了將來有一天能夠在電腦業工作，我想加強這方面的技能。」這敘述同時包含了動機以及成就，同時也暗示著申請者會是學系中優秀的成員，因為他/她曾對學校有所貢獻這概念是經由特定的事實暗示的，而不是經由籠統的空泛敘述如「我是個有團隊精神的人」。
1. the following為名詞，可表示「下列的人/事/物」。例：
‧The following is an idea come up with by
Nick.
‧Please make sure you bring the following:
a swimsuit, goggles and a towel.
2. ... won an award at school for designing....
3. industry在此為「產業」之意，例如：movie industry (電影業)、tourist industry (觀光業)和fishing industry (漁業)等。例：
‧My dad works in the fishing industry and goes
sea¬fishing once a month.
4. What this statement includes is ....
複合關係代名詞what可代換為the thing(s) that，後面需接單數動詞is。
5. It also suggests that...this idea is implied in specific facts instead of ...“I am a team player.”
(1 )suggest在此表示「暗示」，意思相當於imply。例：
‧Ms. Lin's angry reaction suggests/implies
that Jim's mistake is serious.
(2) 此句的instead of可用rather than替換，表示「而不是…」。例：
‧Maggie will visit the United States during
her vacation instead of/rather than Japan.
(3) team player表示「在團隊中可與人和諧相處的人」，此外，team spirit為「團隊精神」、teamwork為「團隊工作」。
當申請者著手撰寫讀書計畫時，他/她可以藉由增加描寫能力以及個性的細節，以強化讀書計畫的說服力。例如：「我精通數學以及數學在電腦上的應用」(這意味著你是位能幹的學生)以及「我是籃球校隊的一員，也協助管理學校的戲劇社」(這意味著你很合群，而且也有能力妥善處理事情)。
1. When an applicant is working on ... make it even stronger by adding extra....
(1)work on表示「致力，從事」。例：
‧The engineers of this computer company are
now working on new anti¬virus software.
(2)makeiteven stronger
(3) by表「藉著」，後接動名詞或名詞，表執行的方法或手段。
2. ...I am good at math and its application to....
(1) be good at sth表示「擅長於…」。例：
‧My elder brother is good at website design
and now works for a computer company.
(2)application表示「應用」。例：
‧The study is about the applications of
computer to our daily lives.
3. run表示「經營，運作」。例：
‧Ms. Jones has been running the restaurant
on her own for years.
你的讀書計畫是你跟你未來就讀學校的第一次交流，因此你應該誠實並妥善準備，以在面試時談論更多關於你所寫的事。此外，你也應請幫你寫推薦函的師長過目你所撰寫的讀書計畫，並給予你一些建言。最後但並非最不重要的是，務必要確定文法與拼字都正確！
1. ...the first communication between you and your future place of study.
communication between A and B表示「A與B之間的溝通交流」。例：
‧The school works hard on establishing direct
communication between teachers and parents.
2. ... be prepared to talk more about....
be prepared to do sth表示「準備好做某事」。例：
‧We are prepared to meet the
challenge.
3. You should also have the teachers who will write... read your SOP and give you their advice.
(1) ...have the teachers...read your SOP and give you....
(2)...give you their advice.
以下是一篇讀書計畫的範例：
我的名字是王佩玲，為臺北三民高職的高三生。我期望進入貴校就讀企管學士學位。我相信貴校課程能夠讓我發展專業技能，並對於我將來的深造及職業生涯都有所助益。
1. bachelor's degree是「學士學位」，master's degree是「碩士學位」，而Doctor of Philosophy則是「博士學位」。
我的興趣廣泛，但我對語言、電腦科學以及管理特別有興趣。在一次創業者競賽中，我因一份創業企劃而獲得首獎。我的企劃與協助學校設立回收計畫有關；這項計畫不僅有助於環境保護，而且還能幫助學校運動校隊籌募經費。…
1. I have a wide range of interests, but I am particularly interested in ....
(1) a wide range of表示「廣泛的」，後接複數名詞。例：
‧The store has a wide range of digital
cameras, and you can find some in your
price range.
(2 ) be interested in表示「對…有興趣」，可代換為have/take an interest in。
2. In a contest for entrepreneurs, I won first place for ....
(1) a contest for...表示「為…而辦的競賽」。
(2) first place為「第一名」，之後for表原因。
3. environmentally friendly也可寫成environment friendly或eco¬friendly，表示「不破壞生態環境的，助於環保的」。
…此外，去年我獲得學校英語演講比賽第三名，並且協助學校英語會話社的社務運作。我正考慮未來從事行銷業，並期望能夠將我的技能應用在這個領域上。
4. I am considering working in...this field .
(1)consider + V¬ing表示「考慮…」。例：
‧Lynn is considering moving to the countryside.
(2)field為「領域」之意。例：
‧Computer is not my field of study, so I cannot
help you with your computer problems.
貴校所提供的企業管理課程將能幫助我增進行銷業所需的管理技能及商業知識，以在這個領域成功。在獲得學士學位後，我也考慮繼續攻讀行銷的碩士學位或者是企業管理碩士學位。因此，企業管理的學士學位是最理想的敲門磚。
1. The Business Administration course offered by your school... succeed in the marketing industry.
(1) ...courseoffered by....
→ ...course which/that is offered by....
(2) succeed in + N/V¬ing表示「在…上成功」。例：
‧Dr. Li finally succeeded in finding out the
cure for the disease.
2. After earning a bachelor's degree,....
→ After I earn a bachelor's degree,…
因此，總結來說，我相信貴校的課程將非常適合我未來的職業及學術目標。在考量我個人的背景及興趣之後，我認為攻讀貴校的課程是增進這方面技能最理所當然的下一步。感謝您。
1. ...your course would be very suitable for my career....
2. Considering my background and interests, I think....
→ After I consider my background and interests, I....
Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. statement n. [C]陳述，說明
‧The two singers made an official statement about their decision on the breakup.
‧The police will take the man's statement about the car accident.
2. essay n. [C]短文，短篇論文
‧David is going to write an essay about foreign
workers' lives in Taiwan.
‧There will be some essay questions in the final
exam.
3. university n. [C]大學
‧Helen hopes to go to university and study history.
‧Jack and Carol fell in love while they were at
university.
4. application
(1) n. [C][U]申請(書)
‧Students from many countries made applications
to this famous college.
(1)‧Your application to the school will be turned down if you don't fill in the required forms.
(2)n. [C][U]應用
‧GPS (Global Positioning System) is one of the
applications of computing in transportation.
apply vi.申請
‧Rose has applied for a scholarship this semester.
‧Monica applied to her boss for a week's vacation.
applicant n. [C]申請人
‧All the applicants for the job are called for the
interview next Monday.
5. goal n. [C]目標，目的
‧Eric set goals for himself at the beginning of this
school year.
‧Kevin had gone on a diet and finally achieved
his goal of losing some weight.
6. persuade
(1)vt.說服，勸服
‧Ben was finally persuaded to join the summer
camp.
‧I tried to persuade Kelly into buying the red
dress, but she didn't listen to me.
(2)vt.使相信，使信服
‧Mark tries to persuade us of his innocence in the
case.
persuasion n. [U]說服，勸服
‧I used a lot of persuasion to make the boss agree
on my project.
‧Mary used all her powers of persuasion to talk
Ken into pursuing further studies overseas.
7. specific
(1) adj.詳細的(相反詞：general)
‧Jeri gave a specific description of the room she
hoped, so the designer got her idea right away.
(2)adj.特定的
‧No specific time has been set for the interview,
so we'll have to stand by.
8. design n. [U][C]設計
‧Jeff has a great interest in graphic design for
magazines.
‧With computer¬aided design, customers are able
to preview their houses before the construction is completed.
‧Karen is chosen to join the design team because
of her outstanding design ability.
design vt.設計
‧The computer is specially designed for the blind.
‧The chair is badly designed. It can't bear weight
over seventy kilograms.
9. presentation
(1) n. [C]說明，介紹
‧The professor asked each of us to make a short
presentation on recycling garbage tomorrow.
(2)n. [U] (商品的)外觀，展示方式
‧The product draws a lot of attention because of
its unique presentation.
present
(1)vt.陳述，呈現
‧To make my ideas more understandable, I'll
present my project to the panel with charts and pictures.
(2)vt.頒發，授與
‧We are very honored to be presented with the
gold medal.
11. skill n. [C][U]技能，技巧
‧The man is famous for his great skill at oil
painting.
‧The training center offers classes that help
people learn professional skills in jobs.
‧People without basic business skills are not
likely to get the job.
‧Kenny performed the task with great skill, so it
was completed in a short time.
skilled adj.有技能的，熟練的
‧Tim is a skilled craftsman who can make many
amazing sculptures.
12. academic adj.大學的，學院的，學術的
‧It's difficult for people without academic qualifications in science to get a job in this company.
academy
(1) n. [C]專科學院
‧After graduation from high school, Charles will
go to the police academy.
(2) n. [C]研究院，學會
‧Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain won an Academy Award for Best Director.
13. detail n. [C][U]細節，詳情
‧Wendy seemed to hide something, so she
refused to go into detail about her meeting with the boss.
‧Peter knew everything about the rock singer, down to the last detail.
‧Judy explained in detail about her plan to boost the sales of the café.
14. personality n. [U][C]個性，性格
‧People with a pleasant personality are more
likely to be successful in their careers.
‧Tom is a man with a strong personality and is
quite ambitious about success in jobs.
‧Owen seems to be too easygoing that many
people think he is with little personality.
15. drama n. [U][C]戲劇
‧Betty's job is to write drama for musical plays.
‧The TV drama about inspiring stories in hospital
has won several awards.
16. interview n. [C]面談，面試
‧Grace got an interview for the assistant's
position today.
‧Mike is well dressed because he is called for a
job interview this afternoon.
interview vt.面談，面試
‧The pop singer will be interviewed on the radio
tonight.
‧Today, Mr. Sims will interview ten people for
the job.
‧The police interviewed the man about the fire.
interviewer n. [C]面試官(相反詞：interviewee)
‧The interviewer asked the interviewees the
reasons why they applied for the school.
17. reference
(1) n. [C]推薦信；推薦人
‧Applicants are requested to include references
from their former employers in their résumés.
‧Carol asked her college professor, Mr. Yu, to be
one of her references for her application to Harvard.
(2)[U][C]提及，論及
‧In the book, the author didn't make any reference
to his mother who left him in his childhood.
‧Frank's speech includes only a passing reference
to the water pollution problem.
refer vt.提到，說起
‧When you say “silly,” are you referring to me?
‧We often refer to Ms. Wang as the most
humorous teacher in our school.
18. grammar n. [U]文法
‧Be sure to check your spelling and grammar
before you hand in your essay.
grammatical adj.文法的(僅用於名詞前)
‧The teacher pointed out some grammatical errors
in my composition and asked me to revise it.
19. recycling n. [U]回收利用
‧Recycling plays an important role in protecting
our environment.
recycle vt.回收利用(廢棄物)
‧I prefer products with packaging recycled from
used paper.
‧All the empty bottles can be recycled into other
plastic products.
‧The notebook is made of recycled paper.
20. conversation n. [U][C]會話，對話
‧After having a short conversation with my
teacher, I realized how highly he thought of me.
‧Peggy is such a silent person that I always have
difficulty getting into conversation with her.
21. option n. [C]選擇
‧Just relax. You have many options for solving
the problem.
‧Without enough money to move out, I only have the option of living with my parents.
‧With the limited time, it seems we have no option but to take a plane to Kaohsiung.
‧Zoe kept the options open because he didn't want to make decisions in such a hurry.
opt vi.選擇；決定
‧After our discussion, we opted to buy the
apartment next to a park.
22. background n. [C]背景，經歷
‧Students with a background in engineering stand
more chances to be admitted to the college.
‧People from wealthy family backgrounds will
not be necessarily successful in the future.
23. step
(1)n. [C]步驟
‧The government made several laws against
dumping waste water in rivers as the first step in reducing water pollution.
‧I am not satisfied with the result of my work and want to take steps to improve it.
(2)n. [C]腳步
‧The woman is seriously sick that she can hardly
move a step.
II. Words for Recognition
1. website n. [C] (電腦)網站
website是指在網際網路上利用HTML等工具展示特定內容的網路集合。網站就像公布欄一樣，可將特定的資訊上傳供大家點閱。網站是於1989年由英籍的Tim Berners¬Lee所創造，之後他將所有的網站集合於現今大眾所知的網際網路World Wide Web，並向大眾推廣對網際網路的認識及使用權。
3. bachelor's degree n. [C]學士學位
4. Business Administration n. [U]企業管理
企業管理是一套關於如何治理公司的程序與慣例，其中也包含管理者應如何行使權力，以使公司的運作及和外部關係人士的合作關係更為順利。
7. MBA n. [C]企業管理碩士
擁有企業管理碩士學位是商業界普遍認為晉身管理階層的基本條件。現今不少學校為了開源，紛紛與世界知名的大學商學院合作，推出企業管理碩士課程。企業管理碩士課程可分兩種：一為供全職學生研讀，用以增進企業管理知識的課程，稱為企業管理碩士課程(Master of Business Administration，簡稱MBA)；另一種是供現職公司高層管理人員研讀的課程，通常安排於休假或下班後的時間，以方便修習者利用工作之餘修習，稱為在職企業管理碩士(Executive MBA，簡稱EMBA)。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. point out 指出
‧All the evidence pointed to Smith as the person
who set fire to the house.
‧Edward's research pointed up the importance of
land conservation in mountains.
2. work on
(1)致力，從事
‧Karen is working on remembering the lyrics
before the singing competition.
(2)試圖影響，努力說服
‧I think I'll keep working on Paul to persuade him
to join our basketball team.
4. have to do with 與…有關
這個片語通常以have something/nothing/anything to do with + N的型態出現。例：
‧Henry was out of town when the accident
happened, so I don't think he had anything to do with it.
5. set up
(1)制訂(計畫)，組織
‧The company is setting up a plan to make a new
production line.
(2)設立，創建
‧Gina and Gary decided to get married and set up
home in the countryside.
‧Catherine closed her bookstore and set up shop
with her brother in their hometown.
6. place first/second/third... 獲得第一/二/三…名
這片語相當於take first/second/third...place或in first/second/third...place的用法。例：
‧Gary placed first in the annual marathon.
→ Gary took first place in the annual marathon.
→ Gary finished in first place in the annual marathon.
7. to sum up 總而言之
‧To sum up, Dr. Smith's speech is about the
importance of regular exercise to human beings.
Grammar in Use
1. + + wh¬ + + ....
此句型複習間接問句作受詞的用法。間接問句是由疑問詞引導的名詞子句，而該名詞子句在句中可作動詞或介系詞的受詞。使用時需注意：
(1) 每個疑問詞表達的意思不同：why表「理由」、who和whom表「人」、what表「事物」、when表「時間」、where表「地方」、how表「方法」。
(2) 間接問句常接於ask, tell, know, wonder...等動詞之後作受詞。例：
‧The man asked how he could get to the National Palace Museum.
(3) 間接問句要用直述句的語序。例：
‧Do you know when the meeting will begin?
此外，教師也可另外補充疑問詞開頭的名詞子句作主詞和補語的用法。例：
(1) 作主詞：
‧When Mary's plane will arrive in Taiwan is
unknown to all of us.
(2) 作補語：
‧Friends' company is what Rory needs most now.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 將適當的疑問詞填入空格，使對話文意連貫。
A: Ken, you look so upset. Can you tell me you are feeling so down?
B: I was fired yesterday.
A: Fired? What happened? You did a lot to help promote your company's business, didn't you?
B: Yes, my boss did thank me for I had done for the company, but I made a big mistake.
A: Then, can you let me know it was?
B: I revealed a top secret of my company which might make the company close down.
A: May I know you revealed it to?
B: He is the manager of our rival (對手) and used to be a friend of mine.
A: I think you deserved it. You must have learned a lesson about employees do is important to a company's future.
B: You are right. Because of it, I lost I had had and been satisfied witha good job and a high salary. Now, I am in despair. I don't know I can get employed at such an old age. I really need someone to tell me my next step should be.
A: Well, maybe you can have a vacation first. After taking a rest, you will know your next job is.
B: It's helpful. Thank you for your advice.
B.合併句子
2. Subordinating Conjunctions: after, before, when, while, because, since, although, if...
從屬連接詞是用來連接從屬子句和主要子句的連接詞，從屬子句通常不可單獨成句，必須與主要子句並用。
此課介紹的從屬連接詞主要用來引導副詞子句，老師可另外補充有關副詞子句的相關用法，例如：當從屬子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，可省略從屬子句的主詞，並將動詞改為現在分詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧I always eat my breakfast before I go to school.
→ I always eat my breakfast before going to
school.
‧Jack will marry Cathy although he doesn't love her.
→ Jack will marry Cathy although not loving her.
另外，老師也可複習由副詞子句簡化而來的分詞構句用法。原則為：當從屬子句與主要子句主詞相同時，可省略副詞子句中的連接詞與主詞，並將副詞子句的動詞改為現在分詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧After Kevin read Lily's note, he ran out of the house right away.
→ Reading Lily's note, Kevin ran out of the house right away.
‧Since you don't know the answer to the question, you should ask somebody else to help you out.
→ Not knowing the answer to the question, you should ask somebody else to help you out.
‧If you take the job, you'll earn more than a million dollars every year.
→ Taking the job, you'll earn more than a million dollars every year.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 選擇適當的從屬連接詞填入空格內，使文章語意連貫。每個從屬連接詞不限填一次。
before since because
after if while
It is better to prepare an SOP __________ you want to apply for a college. In the SOP, you should state specifically what goals you will have __________ you enter the college.
Besides, particular facts about yourself should be included in your SOP as well __________ you can persuade the people reading it by doing this. In addition, __________ you are working on your SOP, it's better to include extra details about your ability and personality in it. These descriptions will surely help make yourself stand out from other candidates. __________ the judges know more about you and your motivation, you have better chances of being admitted to the college.
__________ your SOP is the first
communication between you and your future place of study, you should be honest when writing it. Finally, be well prepared and read your SOP carefully __________ you have an interview.
B. 先以連接詞合併句子，然後再改寫句子。第一題為範例。
(1) Because Tom has a great interest in outdoor
activities, he goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(2)Because having a great interest in outdoor activities, Tom goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(3)Having a great interest in outdoor activities, Tom goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
English Workship
I. Writing a Résumé
以下提供另一篇讀書計畫，如果有時間，教師可請學生將Peggy在讀書計畫中的資訊加以統整，以完成右方未完成的表格式履歷。
1. Peggy's SOP
2.Peggy's Résumé:
Peggy Pan
No. 180, Aiguo E. Rd., Da¬an District,
Taipei City 106, Taiwan (R. O. C.)
(02) 2500¬6699
peggypan@sanmin.com.tw
Education:
Awards and Honors:
School Activities:
Skills:
Work Experience:
References:
Available on request
Conversation
一位名為凱洛的學生即將參加大學入學面試。她正請教學校的林老師有關如何準備面試及如何留下良好第一印象的建議。(C = 凱洛，L = 林老師)
C: 不好意思，林老師，我下禮拜一要參加大學的入學面試。能不能請老師指點我如何留下良好第一印象的秘訣呢？
L: 當然，首先妳必需穿著正式服裝，並且禮貌地向教授打招呼。然後，回答所提問的問題時，聲音務必清晰並且要注視向妳提問的人。
C: 有沒有辦法可以幫助我預先準備可能會被問到的問題呢？
1. She is asking one of her teachers, Mr. Lin, for some advice about...how to make a good first impression at it .
(1)ask sb for sth表示「向某人請求某物」。例：
‧Not knowing how to solve the math question,
Willy asked me for help.
(2)...make a good first impression at it.
‧Andy made an impression on his online friend
when they first met.
2. Excuse me.表「對不起，請問…」，用於跟不熟的人詢問時使用。
3. give sb tips on...表示「給予某人…方面的建議」。例：
‧The book gives us several tips on healthy diets.
4. in a...voice表示「以…的聲音」。例：
‧Scared by a mouse, Molly screamed in a loud
voic
L: 在出發參加面試前，妳要再仔細複習妳的讀書計畫，並且練習如何回答教授可能會提問的問題。妳也可以請朋友或家人問妳一些問題。
C: 我想我都可以做得到。
L: 除此之外，妳也應該查詢有關這所大學的一些資訊。這有利妳解釋為何選擇該所大學以及為何妳會適合在那裡就讀。
C: 還有其他我應該做的事嗎？
L: 妳可以想一些有關妳有興趣的這個課程的問題，因為教授在面試結尾時，可能會問妳是否有任何問題要提問。
C: 我怕到時我會表現得非常緊張。關於這點您有任何建議嗎？
L: 這妳倒不用擔心，因為大部分的人在面試之前及參加面試當時都會感到緊張。妳只要遵循2P原則，就不會那麼緊張，甚至還會享受面試的樂趣。
C: 2P原則？
L: 「準備」和「練習」。如果妳記住這兩件事，那麼面試應該會進行得很順利。祝妳好運啦！
5. practice + V¬ing表示「練習…」。例：
‧Judy practiced playing the piano days and nights
before the piano competition.
6. You can also have a friend or family member ask ....
7. In addition, you should find out....
→ Furthermore/Besides, you should find out....
in add ition為一副詞，後不接名詞；in addition to為介系詞片語，後須加名詞或動名詞。例：
‧In addition to being a musician, Joan is also a
doctor.
8. This will help you explain [why you want to attend this school] and [why you would be suitable for studying there].
(1)explain後面接了兩句以疑問詞所引導的間接問句，作explain的受詞。
(2)attend school = go to school
(3)be suitable for + N/V¬ing表示「適合…」。例：
‧The box is suitable for putting the gift in.
9. Anything else I should do?
→ Is there anything else that I should do?
10. ... the program you are interested in , because the professors will probably ask if you....
(1)...the program you are interested in....
→ ...the program which/that you have interests in....
(2) if表示「是否」，可代換為whether...(or not)。
11. ...I might appear very nervous .
appear + Adj表示「顯得…」。例：
‧Ashley appeared pleased with the surprise party.
12. go well為「進展得很順利」之意，在此的go表「事情的進行與運作」。
13. Good luck!表示「祝你好運！」，用以祝福別人事情能順利成功
Listening Practice
本聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型，題目內容與答案均與本課字彙、片語或句型相關，請督促學生用心練習。
[聽力腳本]
☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
2. TV shopping programs為「電視購物節目」；persuade sb into V¬ing表示「說服某人做…」。
3. reputation n. [C]名聲
4. have no option but to + V表示「沒有選擇只能…」，可代換為 have no choice but to + V或cannot but + V。
5. with在此表示「具有…」，故此句為「具有電腦科學背景的人」。
6. a related filed表示「相關領域」。
8. pleasant personality表示「開朗的個性」。
10. to表示「目的」，可改成in order to。
II. Multiple Choice
1. win an award for...表示「因…而得獎」。
2. earn a bachelor's degree為「得到學士學位」。
3. enable sb + to V表示「使某人能夠…」；study on one's own表示「自學」。
4. book表示「預訂」，意思等同reserve，be fully booked為「被預約滿了」。
5. business matters表示「商業事務」。
6. work為「運作」之意。have為使役動詞，若所接受詞為後面動作的主動發出者，使用原形動詞。
7. 此為省略從屬連接詞及主詞的分詞構句，還原後為When Janet arrived at home, she suddenly discovered....。at work表示「工作場所」。
8. allow sb + to V表示「許可某人做…」。
9. needed為分詞片語，前面省略關係代名詞which/that及be動詞，還原後為...skills which/that are needed to succeed in business。
10. be busy + (in +) V¬ing = be busy with + N，表示「忙於…」。
III. Cloze Test
1. 此題要表達為何選擇大專院校所提供的某課程，故須選詢問「原因」的疑問詞 (B) why。
2. the goal for...表示「…的目標」。
3. connect to/with sth表示「和…有關」。
6. 當從屬子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，可省略從屬子句的主詞並將動詞改為現在分詞，故選(A)。
8. be prepared to + V為「準備…」之意。
IV. Translation
1. living在此為分詞片語用法，省略了關係代名詞，故須用現在分詞形式。explain之後的間接問句用以詢問原因，故須用疑問詞why。
2. what to bring為名詞片語，是由what we should bring簡化而來。
4. 此句使用間接問句句型，教師可提醒學生間接問句須用直述句的語序。
☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 大學甄選入學高手，陳美儒著。商周文化出版，2007。
2. 大學多元入學機會與壓力，張鈿富著。五南圖書出版股份有限公司出版，2006。
3. 你一定可以通過推薦甄選，鄭清榮著。如何出版社出版，2000。
B.相關網站
1. http://www.techadmi.edu.tw/
(技專院校招生策進總會)
2. http://www.tve.edu.tw/
(教育部技職司資訊傳播網)
3. http://www.tcte.edu.tw/
(技專院校入學測驗中心)
1. 本課首先介紹讀書計畫的定義及其效用，然後以實例說明在申請學校時，應如何撰寫讀書計畫以呈現申請者的就讀意願。其中點出學生應如何將在校表現、興趣嗜好與所申請的科系加以連結，從而讓申請的校系注意到該學生的申請案件。經由此課，學生也可學習如何規劃生涯方向及表達個人未來志向。
2. 學習並活用本課兩大句型 + + wh¬ + + ....及從屬連接詞Subordinating Conjunctions的用法。
3. 藉由對話教導學生參加推甄或申請入學面試時所應注意的事項。
☆本課導讀
隨著多元入學方案的實施，目前在臺灣的高中、高職學生在畢業後的升學管道也隨之多元化。除了參加傳統入學考試，依分數高低分發進入各校就讀外，也可依個人意願向大專校院提出申請，或經由就讀學校推薦的方式通過大學審查，達成上大學的目標。本課以實際例子解說若學生想採用申請或推甄的方式進入大學，申請者應如何撰寫讀書計畫來使評審委員了解自己想就讀該系所的原因與目標。
教師在講解課文的過程中，除了向學生做文字說明及句法闡釋外，若時間許可，可以對撰寫讀書計畫的通則加以整理說明：
1. 應該明確指出個人對申請科系課程的意願。
2. 應該敘述所申請科系課程與個人興趣的關聯性，並說明所申請科系課程為何有助於個人的生涯規劃。
3. 應該提供明確的個人資訊，避免落入空泛敘述。
4. 適時藉著細節舉例描述，說明自己的能力、個性及在校的表現成果，以加強讀書計畫的說服力。
5. 應該請撰寫推薦函的師長過目自己的讀書計畫，並請他們提出建言。
6. 務必確認文法與拼字的正確性。
Warm-up
本課課前活動是經由申請入學步驟的排序，幫助學生了解申請入學的基本流程。在活動進行前，教師可先解釋何謂讀書計畫及強調讀書計畫、履歷表對入學申請及面試的重要性。除此之外，教師也可先帶領學生閱讀活動中的英文敘述，以確保學生了解英文句子中的專有名詞。
此活動的目的不全然是為了得到全班一致的標準答案，重點應放在如何激勵學生自行去了解申請大學的相關準備事項，並確實執行每一個申請環節。
Redaing
讀書計畫(SOP)即是一篇陳述個人為何有意就讀某大學系所的短篇論文。由於許多大專院校都要求在申請入學時附上一份讀書計畫，所以最好儘早準備。
1. ... a short essay about yourself [that explains why you want to study...].
(1) ...a short essay about yourself that explains....
(2) ...explains why you want to study....
此為 + + wh¬ + + ....的間接問句句型。詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
2. Since an SOP is required in applications to many colleges and universities, ...prepare one early on .
(1) since為從屬連接詞，引導表原因的從屬子句，意思為「因為，即然」，可和because或as代換。關於從屬連接詞的詳細用法，請參見本課句型解析二。
(2) one是指上面提到的SOP。
(3) early on表示「在早期的時候」。在此強調在申請大學的流程初期最好儘早準備。例：
‧Jessie decided early on that she would not
marry Joe.
一篇好的讀書計畫應明確指出你對於選擇的課程所設定的目標。它也應該包括這課程與你的興趣有什麼關聯性，以及為何該課程有助於你未來的職場生涯。為了要說服閱讀者，你的讀書計畫應提供關於個人的特殊資訊。舉例來說，如果你想攻讀電腦科學，要避免空泛的敘述像是「我喜歡使用電腦」。相反地，應試著提出更具體的資訊。
1. ...point out the goals [you have for your chosen program].
(1) you have for your chosen program為省略受格that的關係子句，修飾先行詞the goals。
(2)chosen為分詞作形容詞的用法，修飾program。
2. It should also include [how the program is connected to your interests and why...].
(1) 此為 + + wh¬ + + ....句型。詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。
(2) be connected to = be related to，表示「有關聯」。例：
‧Terry's memory loss is connected/related
to his brain tumor.
3. To persuade the people reading it ....
(1) To persuade為不定詞開頭的句子，表目的，可代換為In order to persuade....。
(2) ...the people reading it....
→ ...the people who read it....。
此為限定關係子句省略而來的分詞片語用法。
4. ...if you want..., avoid general statements....
此為假設法的真實條件句，表假設情況有可能發生，故句子用直說法
比較適當的例子如下所示：「我喜歡網頁設計，也曾為學校的電腦課設計圖解說明，因而在校內獲獎。為了將來有一天能夠在電腦業工作，我想加強這方面的技能。」這敘述同時包含了動機以及成就，同時也暗示著申請者會是學系中優秀的成員，因為他/她曾對學校有所貢獻這概念是經由特定的事實暗示的，而不是經由籠統的空泛敘述如「我是個有團隊精神的人」。
1. the following為名詞，可表示「下列的人/事/物」。例：
‧The following is an idea come up with by
Nick.
‧Please make sure you bring the following:
a swimsuit, goggles and a towel.
2. ... won an award at school for designing....
3. industry在此為「產業」之意，例如：movie industry (電影業)、tourist industry (觀光業)和fishing industry (漁業)等。例：
‧My dad works in the fishing industry and goes
sea¬fishing once a month.
4. What this statement includes is ....
複合關係代名詞what可代換為the thing(s) that，後面需接單數動詞is。
5. It also suggests that...this idea is implied in specific facts instead of ...“I am a team player.”
(1 )suggest在此表示「暗示」，意思相當於imply。例：
‧Ms. Lin's angry reaction suggests/implies
that Jim's mistake is serious.
(2) 此句的instead of可用rather than替換，表示「而不是…」。例：
‧Maggie will visit the United States during
her vacation instead of/rather than Japan.
(3) team player表示「在團隊中可與人和諧相處的人」，此外，team spirit為「團隊精神」、teamwork為「團隊工作」。
當申請者著手撰寫讀書計畫時，他/她可以藉由增加描寫能力以及個性的細節，以強化讀書計畫的說服力。例如：「我精通數學以及數學在電腦上的應用」(這意味著你是位能幹的學生)以及「我是籃球校隊的一員，也協助管理學校的戲劇社」(這意味著你很合群，而且也有能力妥善處理事情)。
1. When an applicant is working on ... make it even stronger by adding extra....
(1)work on表示「致力，從事」。例：
‧The engineers of this computer company are
now working on new anti¬virus software.
(2)makeiteven stronger
(3) by表「藉著」，後接動名詞或名詞，表執行的方法或手段。
2. ...I am good at math and its application to....
(1) be good at sth表示「擅長於…」。例：
‧My elder brother is good at website design
and now works for a computer company.
(2)application表示「應用」。例：
‧The study is about the applications of
computer to our daily lives.
3. run表示「經營，運作」。例：
‧Ms. Jones has been running the restaurant
on her own for years.
你的讀書計畫是你跟你未來就讀學校的第一次交流，因此你應該誠實並妥善準備，以在面試時談論更多關於你所寫的事。此外，你也應請幫你寫推薦函的師長過目你所撰寫的讀書計畫，並給予你一些建言。最後但並非最不重要的是，務必要確定文法與拼字都正確！
1. ...the first communication between you and your future place of study.
communication between A and B表示「A與B之間的溝通交流」。例：
‧The school works hard on establishing direct
communication between teachers and parents.
2. ... be prepared to talk more about....
be prepared to do sth表示「準備好做某事」。例：
‧We are prepared to meet the
challenge.
3. You should also have the teachers who will write... read your SOP and give you their advice.
(1) ...have the teachers...read your SOP and give you....
(2)...give you their advice.
以下是一篇讀書計畫的範例：
我的名字是王佩玲，為臺北三民高職的高三生。我期望進入貴校就讀企管學士學位。我相信貴校課程能夠讓我發展專業技能，並對於我將來的深造及職業生涯都有所助益。
1. bachelor's degree是「學士學位」，master's degree是「碩士學位」，而Doctor of Philosophy則是「博士學位」。
我的興趣廣泛，但我對語言、電腦科學以及管理特別有興趣。在一次創業者競賽中，我因一份創業企劃而獲得首獎。我的企劃與協助學校設立回收計畫有關；這項計畫不僅有助於環境保護，而且還能幫助學校運動校隊籌募經費。…
1. I have a wide range of interests, but I am particularly interested in ....
(1) a wide range of表示「廣泛的」，後接複數名詞。例：
‧The store has a wide range of digital
cameras, and you can find some in your
price range.
(2 ) be interested in表示「對…有興趣」，可代換為have/take an interest in。
2. In a contest for entrepreneurs, I won first place for ....
(1) a contest for...表示「為…而辦的競賽」。
(2) first place為「第一名」，之後for表原因。
3. environmentally friendly也可寫成environment friendly或eco¬friendly，表示「不破壞生態環境的，助於環保的」。
…此外，去年我獲得學校英語演講比賽第三名，並且協助學校英語會話社的社務運作。我正考慮未來從事行銷業，並期望能夠將我的技能應用在這個領域上。
4. I am considering working in...this field .
(1)consider + V¬ing表示「考慮…」。例：
‧Lynn is considering moving to the countryside.
(2)field為「領域」之意。例：
‧Computer is not my field of study, so I cannot
help you with your computer problems.
貴校所提供的企業管理課程將能幫助我增進行銷業所需的管理技能及商業知識，以在這個領域成功。在獲得學士學位後，我也考慮繼續攻讀行銷的碩士學位或者是企業管理碩士學位。因此，企業管理的學士學位是最理想的敲門磚。
1. The Business Administration course offered by your school... succeed in the marketing industry.
(1) ...courseoffered by....
→ ...course which/that is offered by....
(2) succeed in + N/V¬ing表示「在…上成功」。例：
‧Dr. Li finally succeeded in finding out the
cure for the disease.
2. After earning a bachelor's degree,....
→ After I earn a bachelor's degree,…
因此，總結來說，我相信貴校的課程將非常適合我未來的職業及學術目標。在考量我個人的背景及興趣之後，我認為攻讀貴校的課程是增進這方面技能最理所當然的下一步。感謝您。
1. ...your course would be very suitable for my career....
2. Considering my background and interests, I think....
→ After I consider my background and interests, I....
Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. statement n. [C]陳述，說明
‧The two singers made an official statement about their decision on the breakup.
‧The police will take the man's statement about the car accident.
2. essay n. [C]短文，短篇論文
‧David is going to write an essay about foreign
workers' lives in Taiwan.
‧There will be some essay questions in the final
exam.
3. university n. [C]大學
‧Helen hopes to go to university and study history.
‧Jack and Carol fell in love while they were at
university.
4. application
(1) n. [C][U]申請(書)
‧Students from many countries made applications
to this famous college.
(1)‧Your application to the school will be turned down if you don't fill in the required forms.
(2)n. [C][U]應用
‧GPS (Global Positioning System) is one of the
applications of computing in transportation.
apply vi.申請
‧Rose has applied for a scholarship this semester.
‧Monica applied to her boss for a week's vacation.
applicant n. [C]申請人
‧All the applicants for the job are called for the
interview next Monday.
5. goal n. [C]目標，目的
‧Eric set goals for himself at the beginning of this
school year.
‧Kevin had gone on a diet and finally achieved
his goal of losing some weight.
6. persuade
(1)vt.說服，勸服
‧Ben was finally persuaded to join the summer
camp.
‧I tried to persuade Kelly into buying the red
dress, but she didn't listen to me.
(2)vt.使相信，使信服
‧Mark tries to persuade us of his innocence in the
case.
persuasion n. [U]說服，勸服
‧I used a lot of persuasion to make the boss agree
on my project.
‧Mary used all her powers of persuasion to talk
Ken into pursuing further studies overseas.
7. specific
(1) adj.詳細的(相反詞：general)
‧Jeri gave a specific description of the room she
hoped, so the designer got her idea right away.
(2)adj.特定的
‧No specific time has been set for the interview,
so we'll have to stand by.
8. design n. [U][C]設計
‧Jeff has a great interest in graphic design for
magazines.
‧With computer¬aided design, customers are able
to preview their houses before the construction is completed.
‧Karen is chosen to join the design team because
of her outstanding design ability.
design vt.設計
‧The computer is specially designed for the blind.
‧The chair is badly designed. It can't bear weight
over seventy kilograms.
9. presentation
(1) n. [C]說明，介紹
‧The professor asked each of us to make a short
presentation on recycling garbage tomorrow.
(2)n. [U] (商品的)外觀，展示方式
‧The product draws a lot of attention because of
its unique presentation.
present
(1)vt.陳述，呈現
‧To make my ideas more understandable, I'll
present my project to the panel with charts and pictures.
(2)vt.頒發，授與
‧We are very honored to be presented with the
gold medal.
11. skill n. [C][U]技能，技巧
‧The man is famous for his great skill at oil
painting.
‧The training center offers classes that help
people learn professional skills in jobs.
‧People without basic business skills are not
likely to get the job.
‧Kenny performed the task with great skill, so it
was completed in a short time.
skilled adj.有技能的，熟練的
‧Tim is a skilled craftsman who can make many
amazing sculptures.
12. academic adj.大學的，學院的，學術的
‧It's difficult for people without academic qualifications in science to get a job in this company.
academy
(1) n. [C]專科學院
‧After graduation from high school, Charles will
go to the police academy.
(2) n. [C]研究院，學會
‧Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain won an Academy Award for Best Director.
13. detail n. [C][U]細節，詳情
‧Wendy seemed to hide something, so she
refused to go into detail about her meeting with the boss.
‧Peter knew everything about the rock singer, down to the last detail.
‧Judy explained in detail about her plan to boost the sales of the café.
14. personality n. [U][C]個性，性格
‧People with a pleasant personality are more
likely to be successful in their careers.
‧Tom is a man with a strong personality and is
quite ambitious about success in jobs.
‧Owen seems to be too easygoing that many
people think he is with little personality.
15. drama n. [U][C]戲劇
‧Betty's job is to write drama for musical plays.
‧The TV drama about inspiring stories in hospital
has won several awards.
16. interview n. [C]面談，面試
‧Grace got an interview for the assistant's
position today.
‧Mike is well dressed because he is called for a
job interview this afternoon.
interview vt.面談，面試
‧The pop singer will be interviewed on the radio
tonight.
‧Today, Mr. Sims will interview ten people for
the job.
‧The police interviewed the man about the fire.
interviewer n. [C]面試官(相反詞：interviewee)
‧The interviewer asked the interviewees the
reasons why they applied for the school.
17. reference
(1) n. [C]推薦信；推薦人
‧Applicants are requested to include references
from their former employers in their résumés.
‧Carol asked her college professor, Mr. Yu, to be
one of her references for her application to Harvard.
(2)[U][C]提及，論及
‧In the book, the author didn't make any reference
to his mother who left him in his childhood.
‧Frank's speech includes only a passing reference
to the water pollution problem.
refer vt.提到，說起
‧When you say “silly,” are you referring to me?
‧We often refer to Ms. Wang as the most
humorous teacher in our school.
18. grammar n. [U]文法
‧Be sure to check your spelling and grammar
before you hand in your essay.
grammatical adj.文法的(僅用於名詞前)
‧The teacher pointed out some grammatical errors
in my composition and asked me to revise it.
19. recycling n. [U]回收利用
‧Recycling plays an important role in protecting
our environment.
recycle vt.回收利用(廢棄物)
‧I prefer products with packaging recycled from
used paper.
‧All the empty bottles can be recycled into other
plastic products.
‧The notebook is made of recycled paper.
20. conversation n. [U][C]會話，對話
‧After having a short conversation with my
teacher, I realized how highly he thought of me.
‧Peggy is such a silent person that I always have
difficulty getting into conversation with her.
21. option n. [C]選擇
‧Just relax. You have many options for solving
the problem.
‧Without enough money to move out, I only have the option of living with my parents.
‧With the limited time, it seems we have no option but to take a plane to Kaohsiung.
‧Zoe kept the options open because he didn't want to make decisions in such a hurry.
opt vi.選擇；決定
‧After our discussion, we opted to buy the
apartment next to a park.
22. background n. [C]背景，經歷
‧Students with a background in engineering stand
more chances to be admitted to the college.
‧People from wealthy family backgrounds will
not be necessarily successful in the future.
23. step
(1)n. [C]步驟
‧The government made several laws against
dumping waste water in rivers as the first step in reducing water pollution.
‧I am not satisfied with the result of my work and want to take steps to improve it.
(2)n. [C]腳步
‧The woman is seriously sick that she can hardly
move a step.
II. Words for Recognition
1. website n. [C] (電腦)網站
website是指在網際網路上利用HTML等工具展示特定內容的網路集合。網站就像公布欄一樣，可將特定的資訊上傳供大家點閱。網站是於1989年由英籍的Tim Berners¬Lee所創造，之後他將所有的網站集合於現今大眾所知的網際網路World Wide Web，並向大眾推廣對網際網路的認識及使用權。
3. bachelor's degree n. [C]學士學位
4. Business Administration n. [U]企業管理
企業管理是一套關於如何治理公司的程序與慣例，其中也包含管理者應如何行使權力，以使公司的運作及和外部關係人士的合作關係更為順利。
7. MBA n. [C]企業管理碩士
擁有企業管理碩士學位是商業界普遍認為晉身管理階層的基本條件。現今不少學校為了開源，紛紛與世界知名的大學商學院合作，推出企業管理碩士課程。企業管理碩士課程可分兩種：一為供全職學生研讀，用以增進企業管理知識的課程，稱為企業管理碩士課程(Master of Business Administration，簡稱MBA)；另一種是供現職公司高層管理人員研讀的課程，通常安排於休假或下班後的時間，以方便修習者利用工作之餘修習，稱為在職企業管理碩士(Executive MBA，簡稱EMBA)。
III. Idioms and Phrases
1. point out 指出
‧All the evidence pointed to Smith as the person
who set fire to the house.
‧Edward's research pointed up the importance of
land conservation in mountains.
2. work on
(1)致力，從事
‧Karen is working on remembering the lyrics
before the singing competition.
(2)試圖影響，努力說服
‧I think I'll keep working on Paul to persuade him
to join our basketball team.
4. have to do with 與…有關
這個片語通常以have something/nothing/anything to do with + N的型態出現。例：
‧Henry was out of town when the accident
happened, so I don't think he had anything to do with it.
5. set up
(1)制訂(計畫)，組織
‧The company is setting up a plan to make a new
production line.
(2)設立，創建
‧Gina and Gary decided to get married and set up
home in the countryside.
‧Catherine closed her bookstore and set up shop
with her brother in their hometown.
6. place first/second/third... 獲得第一/二/三…名
這片語相當於take first/second/third...place或in first/second/third...place的用法。例：
‧Gary placed first in the annual marathon.
→ Gary took first place in the annual marathon.
→ Gary finished in first place in the annual marathon.
7. to sum up 總而言之
‧To sum up, Dr. Smith's speech is about the
importance of regular exercise to human beings.
Grammar in Use
1. + + wh¬ + + ....
此句型複習間接問句作受詞的用法。間接問句是由疑問詞引導的名詞子句，而該名詞子句在句中可作動詞或介系詞的受詞。使用時需注意：
(1) 每個疑問詞表達的意思不同：why表「理由」、who和whom表「人」、what表「事物」、when表「時間」、where表「地方」、how表「方法」。
(2) 間接問句常接於ask, tell, know, wonder...等動詞之後作受詞。例：
‧The man asked how he could get to the National Palace Museum.
(3) 間接問句要用直述句的語序。例：
‧Do you know when the meeting will begin?
此外，教師也可另外補充疑問詞開頭的名詞子句作主詞和補語的用法。例：
(1) 作主詞：
‧When Mary's plane will arrive in Taiwan is
unknown to all of us.
(2) 作補語：
‧Friends' company is what Rory needs most now.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 將適當的疑問詞填入空格，使對話文意連貫。
A: Ken, you look so upset. Can you tell me you are feeling so down?
B: I was fired yesterday.
A: Fired? What happened? You did a lot to help promote your company's business, didn't you?
B: Yes, my boss did thank me for I had done for the company, but I made a big mistake.
A: Then, can you let me know it was?
B: I revealed a top secret of my company which might make the company close down.
A: May I know you revealed it to?
B: He is the manager of our rival (對手) and used to be a friend of mine.
A: I think you deserved it. You must have learned a lesson about employees do is important to a company's future.
B: You are right. Because of it, I lost I had had and been satisfied witha good job and a high salary. Now, I am in despair. I don't know I can get employed at such an old age. I really need someone to tell me my next step should be.
A: Well, maybe you can have a vacation first. After taking a rest, you will know your next job is.
B: It's helpful. Thank you for your advice.
B.合併句子
2. Subordinating Conjunctions: after, before, when, while, because, since, although, if...
從屬連接詞是用來連接從屬子句和主要子句的連接詞，從屬子句通常不可單獨成句，必須與主要子句並用。
此課介紹的從屬連接詞主要用來引導副詞子句，老師可另外補充有關副詞子句的相關用法，例如：當從屬子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，可省略從屬子句的主詞，並將動詞改為現在分詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧I always eat my breakfast before I go to school.
→ I always eat my breakfast before going to
school.
‧Jack will marry Cathy although he doesn't love her.
→ Jack will marry Cathy although not loving her.
另外，老師也可複習由副詞子句簡化而來的分詞構句用法。原則為：當從屬子句與主要子句主詞相同時，可省略副詞子句中的連接詞與主詞，並將副詞子句的動詞改為現在分詞(V¬ing)。例：
‧After Kevin read Lily's note, he ran out of the house right away.
→ Reading Lily's note, Kevin ran out of the house right away.
‧Since you don't know the answer to the question, you should ask somebody else to help you out.
→ Not knowing the answer to the question, you should ask somebody else to help you out.
‧If you take the job, you'll earn more than a million dollars every year.
→ Taking the job, you'll earn more than a million dollars every year.
＊句型練習補充：
A. 選擇適當的從屬連接詞填入空格內，使文章語意連貫。每個從屬連接詞不限填一次。
before since because
after if while
It is better to prepare an SOP __________ you want to apply for a college. In the SOP, you should state specifically what goals you will have __________ you enter the college.
Besides, particular facts about yourself should be included in your SOP as well __________ you can persuade the people reading it by doing this. In addition, __________ you are working on your SOP, it's better to include extra details about your ability and personality in it. These descriptions will surely help make yourself stand out from other candidates. __________ the judges know more about you and your motivation, you have better chances of being admitted to the college.
__________ your SOP is the first
communication between you and your future place of study, you should be honest when writing it. Finally, be well prepared and read your SOP carefully __________ you have an interview.
B. 先以連接詞合併句子，然後再改寫句子。第一題為範例。
(1) Because Tom has a great interest in outdoor
activities, he goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(2)Because having a great interest in outdoor activities, Tom goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(3)Having a great interest in outdoor activities, Tom goes mountain¬climbing every month.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
English Workship
I. Writing a Résumé
以下提供另一篇讀書計畫，如果有時間，教師可請學生將Peggy在讀書計畫中的資訊加以統整，以完成右方未完成的表格式履歷。
1. Peggy's SOP
2.Peggy's Résumé:
Peggy Pan
No. 180, Aiguo E. Rd., Da¬an District,
Taipei City 106, Taiwan (R. O. C.)
(02) 2500¬6699
peggypan@sanmin.com.tw
Education:
Awards and Honors:
School Activities:
Skills:
Work Experience:
References:
Available on request
Conversation
一位名為凱洛的學生即將參加大學入學面試。她正請教學校的林老師有關如何準備面試及如何留下良好第一印象的建議。(C = 凱洛，L = 林老師)
C: 不好意思，林老師，我下禮拜一要參加大學的入學面試。能不能請老師指點我如何留下良好第一印象的秘訣呢？
L: 當然，首先妳必需穿著正式服裝，並且禮貌地向教授打招呼。然後，回答所提問的問題時，聲音務必清晰並且要注視向妳提問的人。
C: 有沒有辦法可以幫助我預先準備可能會被問到的問題呢？
1. She is asking one of her teachers, Mr. Lin, for some advice about...how to make a good first impression at it .
(1)ask sb for sth表示「向某人請求某物」。例：
‧Not knowing how to solve the math question,
Willy asked me for help.
(2)...make a good first impression at it.
‧Andy made an impression on his online friend
when they first met.
2. Excuse me.表「對不起，請問…」，用於跟不熟的人詢問時使用。
3. give sb tips on...表示「給予某人…方面的建議」。例：
‧The book gives us several tips on healthy diets.
4. in a...voice表示「以…的聲音」。例：
‧Scared by a mouse, Molly screamed in a loud
voic
L: 在出發參加面試前，妳要再仔細複習妳的讀書計畫，並且練習如何回答教授可能會提問的問題。妳也可以請朋友或家人問妳一些問題。
C: 我想我都可以做得到。
L: 除此之外，妳也應該查詢有關這所大學的一些資訊。這有利妳解釋為何選擇該所大學以及為何妳會適合在那裡就讀。
C: 還有其他我應該做的事嗎？
L: 妳可以想一些有關妳有興趣的這個課程的問題，因為教授在面試結尾時，可能會問妳是否有任何問題要提問。
C: 我怕到時我會表現得非常緊張。關於這點您有任何建議嗎？
L: 這妳倒不用擔心，因為大部分的人在面試之前及參加面試當時都會感到緊張。妳只要遵循2P原則，就不會那麼緊張，甚至還會享受面試的樂趣。
C: 2P原則？
L: 「準備」和「練習」。如果妳記住這兩件事，那麼面試應該會進行得很順利。祝妳好運啦！
5. practice + V¬ing表示「練習…」。例：
‧Judy practiced playing the piano days and nights
before the piano competition.
6. You can also have a friend or family member ask ....
7. In addition, you should find out....
→ Furthermore/Besides, you should find out....
in add ition為一副詞，後不接名詞；in addition to為介系詞片語，後須加名詞或動名詞。例：
‧In addition to being a musician, Joan is also a
doctor.
8. This will help you explain [why you want to attend this school] and [why you would be suitable for studying there].
(1)explain後面接了兩句以疑問詞所引導的間接問句，作explain的受詞。
(2)attend school = go to school
(3)be suitable for + N/V¬ing表示「適合…」。例：
‧The box is suitable for putting the gift in.
9. Anything else I should do?
→ Is there anything else that I should do?
10. ... the program you are interested in , because the professors will probably ask if you....
(1)...the program you are interested in....
→ ...the program which/that you have interests in....
(2) if表示「是否」，可代換為whether...(or not)。
11. ...I might appear very nervous .
appear + Adj表示「顯得…」。例：
‧Ashley appeared pleased with the surprise party.
12. go well為「進展得很順利」之意，在此的go表「事情的進行與運作」。
13. Good luck!表示「祝你好運！」，用以祝福別人事情能順利成功
Listening Practice
本聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型，題目內容與答案均與本課字彙、片語或句型相關，請督促學生用心練習。
[聽力腳本]
☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
2. TV shopping programs為「電視購物節目」；persuade sb into V¬ing表示「說服某人做…」。
3. reputation n. [C]名聲
4. have no option but to + V表示「沒有選擇只能…」，可代換為 have no choice but to + V或cannot but + V。
5. with在此表示「具有…」，故此句為「具有電腦科學背景的人」。
6. a related filed表示「相關領域」。
8. pleasant personality表示「開朗的個性」。
10. to表示「目的」，可改成in order to。
II. Multiple Choice
1. win an award for...表示「因…而得獎」。
2. earn a bachelor's degree為「得到學士學位」。
3. enable sb + to V表示「使某人能夠…」；study on one's own表示「自學」。
4. book表示「預訂」，意思等同reserve，be fully booked為「被預約滿了」。
5. business matters表示「商業事務」。
6. work為「運作」之意。have為使役動詞，若所接受詞為後面動作的主動發出者，使用原形動詞。
7. 此為省略從屬連接詞及主詞的分詞構句，還原後為When Janet arrived at home, she suddenly discovered....。at work表示「工作場所」。
8. allow sb + to V表示「許可某人做…」。
9. needed為分詞片語，前面省略關係代名詞which/that及be動詞，還原後為...skills which/that are needed to succeed in business。
10. be busy + (in +) V¬ing = be busy with + N，表示「忙於…」。
III. Cloze Test
1. 此題要表達為何選擇大專院校所提供的某課程，故須選詢問「原因」的疑問詞 (B) why。
2. the goal for...表示「…的目標」。
3. connect to/with sth表示「和…有關」。
6. 當從屬子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，可省略從屬子句的主詞並將動詞改為現在分詞，故選(A)。
8. be prepared to + V為「準備…」之意。
IV. Translation
1. living在此為分詞片語用法，省略了關係代名詞，故須用現在分詞形式。explain之後的間接問句用以詢問原因，故須用疑問詞why。
2. what to bring為名詞片語，是由what we should bring簡化而來。
4. 此句使用間接問句句型，教師可提醒學生間接問句須用直述句的語序。
☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 大學甄選入學高手，陳美儒著。商周文化出版，2007。
2. 大學多元入學機會與壓力，張鈿富著。五南圖書出版股份有限公司出版，2006。
3. 你一定可以通過推薦甄選，鄭清榮著。如何出版社出版，2000。
B.相關網站
1. http://www.techadmi.edu.tw/
(技專院校招生策進總會)
2. http://www.tve.edu.tw/
(教育部技職司資訊傳播網)
3. http://www.tcte.edu.tw/
(技專院校入學測驗中心)
Unfamiliar Vocabulary
disparate a.
1. 不同的;異類的
adj.1. so unequal or unlike as to permit no comparison; totally different（性質全異的）無可比較的；完全不同的
n.1. (~s) [P] things so unlike that comparison is impossible差異太大而無法比較之物
divest vt.
1. 剝除;使脫去;剝奪 2. 迫使放棄 3. 賣完
v.t.
1. to strip or unclothe 脫衣；解衣（of）
He divested himself of his clothing. 他脫去衣服。
2. to deprive 剝奪（of）
During the depression, the family was divested of its home. 在不景氣時期，那家人喪失了家園。
1. 不同的;異類的
adj.1. so unequal or unlike as to permit no comparison; totally different（性質全異的）無可比較的；完全不同的
n.1. (~s) [P] things so unlike that comparison is impossible差異太大而無法比較之物
divest vt.
1. 剝除;使脫去;剝奪 2. 迫使放棄 3. 賣完
v.t.
1. to strip or unclothe 脫衣；解衣（of）
He divested himself of his clothing. 他脫去衣服。
2. to deprive 剝奪（of）
During the depression, the family was divested of its home. 在不景氣時期，那家人喪失了家園。
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