2009年12月11日 星期五

英文第五冊第七課課文解說

☆教學目標
1. 藉由本課文章,讓學生了解到要審視自己既有的幸福,以及能知福惜福。
2. 學習本課單字、片語以及句型:V¬ing..., S + V....和Vpp..., S + V....,進而正確地運用。
3. 藉由本課English Workshop單元,使學生了解到美滿家庭的定義並無特定的標準,如果願意調整心態,每個人都能擁有幸福家庭。

☆本課導讀
本課藉由一篇故事,闡述「知福惜福」的重要性。主角是一名農家小男孩,在一次休息日中,去另一座山頭上找尋只在黃昏時刻出現金色窗戶的房子;原本小男孩以為那戶人家應是有錢人,結果那邊也住著務農人家。最後小男孩終於發現金色窗戶並不是由黃金打造,而是夕陽餘暉照耀在他自己的家窗戶玻璃上所反射出的金色光芒。得到答案後的小男孩滿心歡喜地回家,奔向心中有金色窗戶的房子。
文中雖未明確提出「知福惜福」的觀念,但在故事結尾處,作者藉由爸爸詢問小男孩是否有學到新的東西,來引導讀者省思讀完故事後是否有所啟示?學生可以藉由這個故事去審視自己是否忽視本身既有的幸福,並詢問自己已擁有的幸福在哪裡?

Warm-up
做此活動時,教師可先詢問學生:What do you see in the picture?讓學生藉由此問題專心於圖片中找尋線索。


如果還有時間,教師可補充下列的問題,讓學生更了解此圖要傳達的意義。
‧After having worked all day, the boy looked
tired. So, do you think it was at sunrise or at sunset?
‧What did the boy look at?
‧Can you describe what the house on the hill
looked like?
‧Do you think the boy would envy the people in
the house with the golden windows?


Reading
男孩來自貧窮的務農家庭。他每天從早到晚勤奮地工作著,日落前的一個小時是他僅有的空閒時間。在那時,男孩會爬到他家田地後面的山坡頂,遠眺幾哩遠的另一座山。在那遙遠的山頂上,矗立著有金光閃閃如同鑽石般閃耀窗戶的房子。那窗戶光彩奪目地閃耀著,直到那屋主在傍晚時分關起窗戶的遮板。然後,男孩就知道是時候回家吃晚餐了。
1. all day long = all day 一整天
‧The lazy girl usually sleeps all day (long) on
Sundays.
2. Far away on that hill stood a house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds.
→ A house with windows that blazed with gold and diamonds stood far away on that hill.
此為地方副詞提前的倒裝句,真正的主詞在a house with windows...diamonds。教師可再舉其他例句加深學生印象。例:
‧Here comes the bus.
→ The bus comes here.
‧In the tree stands a bird.
→ A bird stands in the tree.
3. The windows shone dazzlingly until the owners of....
until為「直到…」之意,後面可接名詞、片語
或子句。例:
‧Sally studied English until dawn.
‧The manager has a tight schedule until the end
of this year.
‧I'll keep you company until the bus comes.
4. ...it was time to go home for supper.



有一天,男孩的父親告訴他:「你得到了一天的假期。把握住屬於你自己的這天假期,但也要記得這是老天給你的,所以試著去學好的事物。」男孩很開心,謝謝他爸爸以及親吻他媽媽後,男孩啟程去找尋那棟有金色窗戶的房子。
1. “...Take this day for your own, but remember that God gave it to you, so try to learn something good.”
but和so兩個連接詞連接三句祈使句。祈使句
中省略主詞you,用動詞原形。例:
‧Before starting class, our teacher said “Be
attentive in class and take notes!”
2 .Having thanked his father and kissed his mother, the boy started off....


這是趟愉悅的散步。當他回頭看時,他的腳印似乎在跟他作伴,他的影子也一樣陪在他左右,跟他一起手舞足蹈和奔跑。
1. walk在此為可數名詞,表示「散步」。例:
‧Let's take the dog for a walk in the park.
2. ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, dancing and running along.
→ ...and his shadow, too, stayed beside him, and danced and ran along.
dancing and running along為省略對等連接詞and的分詞構句。

走了許久後,他來到一座大山丘。在山頂上就是他一直在找尋的那棟房子,但卻沒有在遠方時所看見的金色窗戶。令他難過的是,這裡的窗戶就像其他一般的窗戶一樣,只是有著乾淨的玻璃。
1. Having walked for a long time, he came to a
big hill.


2. At the top was the house he had been searching for....
(1) 此為地方副詞的倒裝句,原句為:The house he had been searching for was at the top....。
(2) search for = look for = seek 尋找
3. to his sorrow解釋為「令他感到難過的是」,為“to one's N”的用法,常見的有:to one's surprise, to one's joy等。
‧To my surprise, Peter showed up in the meeting in spite of his serious illness.
‧To our joy, our team won first place in the basketball game.


一位婦人來到門邊,親切地詢問男孩要做什麼。
他回答:「我從我們那邊的山丘上看到妳房子的金色窗戶。我來這裡是想看看那些窗戶,但我現在發現它們只是玻璃而已。」
這婦人搖搖頭並且笑著。
她回答說:「我們是貧窮的農家,窗戶上並沒有黃金喔!」
1. ...and kindly asked the boy what he wanted.
此為間接問句作受詞的用法,間接問句中語序不倒裝。例:
‧I don't know where Bill went.

婦人進屋內拿些食物給男孩。被款待一杯牛奶和一塊蛋糕後,男孩決定在那邊休息一下。之後,婦人呼喚她的女兒過來,她女兒與男孩同歲數。跟男孩一樣,這位小女孩赤腳走進來。她穿著一件樸素的棉布洋裝…
1. The woman went in to get the boy some food.
get解釋為「拿取」,為授與動詞;the boy為間接受詞IO,some food為直接受詞DO,此句型還可改為get DO for IO。例:
1‧The woman went in to get some food for the boy.
2. Offered a glass of milk and a cake, the boy decided to take a rest there.



3. ..., who was the same age as the boy.
此為非限定關係子句,用以補充說明先行詞her daughter,注意,who不可用that取代。
4. 副詞barefoot在此修飾前面的動詞came in。
例:
‧The couple danced barefoot on the beach.

…但是她的髮色就如他看到的窗戶一樣是金色的,而且她的眼睛藍得像正午的天空。她帶領男孩參觀她家的田地和在額頭上有白色星星斑紋的小黑牛。很快地,他們就成為朋友,而且男孩詢問她有關金色窗戶的事情。小女孩說她知道那些窗戶,但他弄錯了房子。
5. ...but her hair was as golden as the windows he'd seen....

6. mistaken在此為形容詞,表示「弄錯的,誤解的」。例:
‧If I am not mistaken, we should hand in the report this Friday.

她說道:「你來錯地方了!跟我來,去親眼看看有金色窗戶的房子。」
他們到農舍後面的山丘,小女孩告訴他金色的窗戶只能在日落時分看見。
「是的,我知道!」男孩說道。
1. at sunset是指「黃昏日落時」,相反詞是at sunrise「日出」。例:
‧The students take the flag down at sunset every day.

在山頂上,小女孩轉身並指著那棟座落在遙遠山丘上有著黃金和鑽石窗戶的房子。男孩發現那房子就是他自己的家。
1. ...there on a faraway hill stood a house with windows of gold and diamonds.
(1) 此為倒裝句,原句為:A house with windows of gold and diamonds stood there on a faraway hill.。
(2) with解釋為「帶有…」。例:
‧Did you see a girl with blue eyes?

之後,他告訴小女孩他必須走了。他承諾會再過來,但並沒有告訴女孩他領悟到什麼事情。小女孩站在夕陽下,注視著男孩走下山丘。
1. ...but he did not tell her what he had learned.
what...learned為間接問句,作為tell的受詞。
2. ..., gazing at him as he walked down the hill.
(1)此為省略and的分詞構句,原句為...and she gazed at him as he walked down the hill.。
(2) as在此解釋為「當…的時候」。例:
‧As we went to the beach, it started to rain.

當男孩到家時天色已暗,但從窗戶透出閃耀的燈光,幾乎就像他之前從山頂上看到的金色窗戶一樣明亮。當他打開門時,他的媽媽親吻他,小妹妹也跑去擁抱他。他的爸爸從火爐旁的座位上抬頭看他並且微笑著。
1. It was already dark by the time the boy reached home....
by the time為「到…的時候」。例:
‧The airplane had taken off by the time John reached the airport.
2. ...and smiled from his seat by the fire.
by為「在…旁邊」之意。例:
‧By the lake stood a beautiful cabin.

「今天過得開心嗎?」爸爸問道。
男孩說:「有啊,很開心的一天。」
「有學到任何事嗎?」爸爸問道。
男孩說:「有!我學到我們家也有黃金和鑽石般閃亮的窗戶。」


Post-reading Activities
III. Topics for Discussion
1. 第一題的答案,學生只需看懂課文,即可推論出答案。
2. 在回答第二題前,老師不妨可以先舉例,讓學生可以依照老師的範例,說出自己的親身經驗。



Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
I. Words for Production
1. diligently adv. 勤奮地,勤勉地
‧Martin studied diligently in order to get good grades.
diligent adj. 勤奮的,勤勉的
‧Helen has become a diligent student ever since she decided to study abroad.
diligence n. [U] 勤奮,勤勉
‧Andy got a promotion because he worked with great diligence.
2. sunset n. [U] 日落(時分),黃昏(相反詞:sunrise)
‧At sunset, the students went home for supper.
‧It is said that the textile industry in Taiwan is a sunset industry.
3. blaze
(1) vi. 發光,閃耀
‧There was a campfire blazing in front of the tent.
(2) vi. 熊熊燃燒
‧The forest fire blazed for hours.
blaze
(1) n. [C] (sing.) 強烈的光,光輝
‧The sky became a blaze of fireworks tonight.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.)大火,烈火
‧It took the firefighters hours to put the blaze out.

3. gold n. [U] 黃金
‧We bought a ring made of gold for our grandmother for celebrating her birthday.

golden adj. 金黃色的;金製的
‧The golden fried chicken looks crisp and tasty.


6. shine
(1) vi. 發光,發亮
‧The sun is shining bright in the sky.
‧The car had been polished until it shone.
‧The bride's face shone with happiness in the wedding ceremony.
(2) vt. 投射(光),照向
‧The hunter shone his torch into the dark cave.
7. dazzlingly adv. 使人目眩地,耀眼地
‧A pair of sunglasses will protect your eyes when you walk on roads with dazzlingly shining snow.
dazzling adj. 使人目眩的,耀眼的
‧The dazzling diamond necklace around Dora's neck caught the attention of many people.
dazzle vt. 使目眩,使眼花
‧I was dazzled by the headlights of the car.
9. supper n. [U] 晚餐
‧Lisa and her friends will go out and eat pizza for
xupper.

.
10. delighted adj. 快樂的,高興的
‧Lisa was delighted to accept Steve's invitation to the party.
‧The boss was delighted at Sara's presentation in the meeting.
delight vt. 使快樂,使高興
‧The speaker delighted his audience with his humor and intelligence.
‧Those boys always delight in teasing the old man about his bald head.
delight
(1) n. [U] 快樂,高興
‧Jane talked about her honeymoon in Hawaii with
delight.
‧To our delight, my grandparents will visit us
next week.
‧Ken always takes delight in teasing the
overweight girl.

(2) n. [C] 快樂的事
‧The coming wedding is a delight to Kelly and
her boyfriend.
12. shadow
(1) n. [C] 影子
‧Lily is very scared because a man is following
her like a shadow.
(2) n. [U] 陰影
‧It was so hot that many people sat in shadow for
getting cool.
‧The boy grew up in his intelligent brother's
shadow.
13.search
(1) vi. 搜尋
‧Tom searched through his pocket for the key.
‧The anxious mother searched for her missing
child.
(2) vt. 搜索,搜查
‧The policeman asked the thief to stand still and
searched him.
search n. [C] (usu. sing.) 找尋,搜尋
‧Once many people rushed to California in search
of gold.
14. sorrow
(1) n. [U] 悲傷,悲哀
‧Frank seemed to show great sorrow for what he
had done.
(2)n. [C] 引起悲傷的事
‧There are many joys and sorrows in a marriage.
15. barefoot adv. 赤腳地
‧You might get hurt if you walk barefoot on the
rough road.


16. plain
(1) adj. 樸素的
‧Although the man is rich, he enjoys a plain way
of life.
(2) adj. 淺顯易懂的,清楚的
‧The book is written in plain English for high
school students.
(3) adj. 直率的,坦白的
‧To be plain with you (= Frankly speaking),
I don't like the idea.
18. forehead n. [C] 額頭
字首“fore¬”表示「在…前面」,可與其他名詞結合,例:forearm (前臂)、forerunner (先驅者)、foreword (書的前言)。
19. visible adj. 看得見的,可看見的(相反詞:invisible)
‧The fierce fire of the forest was visible from miles away.
vision
(1) n. [U] 視力
‧It is said carrots are good for people's vision.
(2) n. [U] 遠見
‧I think our new leader is a man with vision.

21. gaze
(1) vi. 凝視,注視
‧The sick boy stayed at home and gazed at other
boys playing outside.
‧The man gazed into the pretty woman's eyes.
(2) n. [C] (usu. sing.) 凝視,注視
‧Sue looked at Jack in cold gaze and turned down
his invitation.
‧The actor often attracted an admiring gaze on the
stage.
‧The student told a lie and didn't dare to meet his
teacher's gaze. (與…目光相遇)


22. embrace
(1) vt. 擁抱
‧The couple embraced each other warmly at the
airport.
(2) n. [C] 擁抱
‧The young mother held her baby in a tight
embrace.

II. Words for Recognition
1. hilltop n. [C]山頂
其他與hilltop相關的字包括:hill (山丘)、hillside (山腰)和hilly (丘陵地形的)。
2. calf n. [C]小牛
其他與牛相關的字包括:bull (未去勢的公牛)、ox (已去勢的公牛)、buffalo (水牛)、cow (乳牛,母牛)。


III. Idioms and Phrases
1. start off 啟程,出發
*同義詞*
start out

‧We are going to start off/out at dawn.
此外,start off sth有「使…開始」之意。例:
‧The chairman started off the meeting by making
a presentation.
2. keep someone company 作伴,陪伴
*同義詞*
keep company with sb, in company with sb

‧Don't feel upset. We will keep you company to go through the difficulty.
0.company在此為不可數名詞,指「陪伴」。例:
‧I enjoyed your company very much.
3.take a rest 休息
*同義詞*
take a break

‧Harry is a workaholic. We seldom see him take a
rest during work.
4. see for yourself 親自看
‧An old saying goes “Seeing is believing.” It
means you have to see for yourself in order to confirm that something does exist.
Grammar in Use

1. V¬ing..., S + V....
本課的兩個句型是介紹分詞構句的用法:造句時,該用現在分詞構句或是過去分詞構句,則視分詞構句中的動詞與主要子句中的主詞的主、被動關係而定。
形成分詞構句有以下幾個步驟:
(1)「連接詞」所引導子句的主詞與「主要子句」的主詞須相同,並將其省略。
(2) 省略引導子句的「連接詞」。
(3) 將連接詞引導的子句中之動詞改為「現在分詞」(V¬ing),表主動語態;動詞若為被動語態,being或having been可保留,但多半省略,只留下「過去分詞」(V¬en)。
(4) 若有否定詞,一律置於分詞之前。例:
‧Not knowing (= Because Sean didn't know)
which school to go to, he asked his teacher for help.
以下針對由副詞子句和對等子句簡化而來的分詞構句舉例說明:
(1) 表「時間」的分詞構句:相當於連接詞when, as, while, as soon as, after等連接詞所引導的副詞子句。例:
‧When we heard the news, we all danced with joy.
→ Hearing the news, we all danced with joy.
‧As soon as the baby opened her eyes, she began to cry.
→ Opening her eyes, the baby began to cry.
‧After the writer had completed the book, he went on vacation.
→ Having completed the book, the writer went on vacation.
(2) 表「原因」或「理由」的分詞構句:相當於as, since, because等所引導的副詞子句。例:
‧Since Ted was sick, he was absent from school today.
→ Being sick, Ted was absent from school today.
以下補充表「條件」、「讓步」、「連續」和「附帶狀況」的子句所簡化的分詞構句用法:
(1) 表「條件」的分詞構句:相當於if所引導的副詞子句。例:
‧If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
→ United, we stand; divided, we fall.
(2) 表「讓步」的分詞構句:相當於though或although等引導的副詞子句。例:
‧Although I admit Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
→ Admitting Joan is an able student, I still don't like her.
‧Though Henry is unemployed, he still leads a happy life.
→ (Being) unemployed, Henry still leads a happy life.
(3) 表示「連續」或「附帶狀態」的分詞構句:用來表示兩個動作發生的順序關係或附帶說明事情。例:
‧We went home, and we found the door was open. (表連續)
→ We went home, finding the door was open.
‧Kelly wrote Adam a letter, and she thanked him for his timely help. (表附帶狀況)
→ Kelly wrote Adam a letter, thanking him for his timely help.
*句型練習補充:
利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. Because Tina had started the course, she was determined to complete it.

2. When the boy discovered a dead body in the park, he called the police at once.

3. As soon as we turned right at the corner, we saw the post office.

4. When she arrived home, she heard the telephone ringing.

5. As soon as the glass fell to the floor, it broke into pieces.

6. As he has lived in the United States for many years, he can speak English very well.

7. If you exercise every day, you will lose weight.

8. Although he made a big mistake, he did not apologize.





2. Vpp..., S + V....
這個句型是介紹過去分詞構句,屬於被動用法,過去分詞構句中的being或having been常省略。例:
‧Because the vase is made of glass, it is fragile.
→ (Being) made of glass, the vase is fragile.
‧As the manager was impressed by Joe's work, he
decided to promote him.
→ (Being) impressed by Joe's work, the manager
decided to promote him.
‧When the actress was asked a personal question,
she remained silent.
→ (Being) asked a personal question, the actress
remained silent.

*句型練習補充:
A. 利用句型改寫下列句子。
1. When I was punished by my parents today, I felt very sad.

2. Because Amy was brought up in the countryside, she couldn't get used to city life.

3. When Hal was hit by a car, he was taken to the hospital without delay.

4. Although he was tired, he continued to work on his experiment.

5. As I was left alone in the big house, I was really scared.

6. Although the murderer was described as a young man at first, he was actually an old man.




B. E¬Flying旅行社正在促銷他們的太空旅遊行程,利用主動或被動分詞構句改寫下列的句子。
1. If you are tired of traditional ways of travel, you should try our Easy Space Travel.

2. When you sign up for the package, you'll receive online astronaut training.

3. When you get into space, you will have a chance of getting a good view of the Earth.

4. After you land on the moon, you can gather some rocks there.

5. If you are lost in space, you'll find your way back through our satellite guiding system.




English Workshop
I. A Happy Family
1. 進行本活動前,教師可以先跟學生介紹一些家庭類型的名稱,及其包含的家庭成員(family members):
(1) Nuclear Familyparents, biological or adoptive children
(2) Extended FamilyIn addition to parents and children, it consists of other family members, such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and so on.
(3) Single¬parent FamilyOne parent with children
(4) Childless FamilyParents without children
2. 之後可詢問學生他們的家庭類型,教師再帶入Family Tree的觀念,請學生畫出自己的Family Tree。例:











3. 進行到精神層面(spiritual parts)的討論時,教師可進一步詢問學生要透過何種方式,才能傳達對家人的情感?以下舉例供參考:
教師可抽點並詢問學生是否有透過上面所列的方式對家人表達情感,或是他們可舉出其他自己用來表達情感的方式。
4. 進行到物質層面(material requirements)的討論時,教師可再列出一些東西讓學生選擇對於幸福家庭而言是否需要。

II. Practice
學生討論完心目中的幸福家庭後,教師可請學生利用課本p.155所提示的文章段落,引導學生進行段落寫作。待學生完成後,教師也可抽點幾位學生上臺朗誦。以下提供一則範文供參考:


Conversation

鮑伯跟莫妮卡這兩位學生正試著定義「幸福家庭」一詞。(B = 鮑伯,M = 莫妮卡)
B: 對我來說,一個美滿幸福的家庭意味著每個人在人生高低起伏時彼此照顧及互相分享。
M: 但是我不了解貧窮的家庭要如何分享?如果他們在一開始就沒有任何東西,他們就只能一起受苦。
B: 這不只是關於錢而已,我是指情感上的支持。
M: 你是指貧窮家庭不會因為有更多的錢而變得比較快樂?
B: 當然不是這樣。我說的是錢跟幸福不是必然有關聯的。舉例來說,很多有錢的家庭也不快樂。
M: 我是說很多貧窮的家庭不快樂,是因為他們有更多因艱困的生活環境而引發的衝突。
1. ups and downs是指「人生或事業的起起落落」。例:
‧Mr. Smith had his ups and downs in his career.

2. But I don't understand how poor families can share....
how poor families can share為間接問句,在間接問句中,主詞和動詞不倒裝。例:
‧The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where was the report. (×)
The boss shouted at her secretary and asked where the report was. (○)
3. to begin with表示「一開始」,同義詞有at first和in the beginning。例:
‧I hated math to begin with. Now, I really like it.
4.even if = even though 即使…
‧Andy will go to Japan and work there even if
he doesn't have much money.
5. What I'm saying is that money and happiness
aren't necessarily connected.
(1) what為複合關係代名詞,相當於all
that,後面動詞需用單數。例:
‧What Leo is saying doesn't make any sense.
(2) ...that money and...connected.
此that子句作為句子的主詞補語,補充說明what I'm saying的內容。
6. ...they have more conflicts caused by their
difficult living conditions.
caused by their difficult living conditions為關係子句省略的分詞片語,原句為which are caused by their difficult living conditions。

B: 他們可能有更多的問題要面對,但是那不一定會導致家庭中彼此關係的惡劣。事實上,一起奮鬥會使家人關係更密切。
M: 所以,你不太在乎你的小孩是否窮困,因為他們仍然可以快樂幸福?
B: 這不是我所要表達的意思。我定義一個美滿幸福的家庭是要有好的生活環境跟良好關係的綜合。
M: 理想中,是的。然而關係可能因為環境不好而破裂。
B: 沒錯,但是,好的生活環境也不一定都會產生良好的關係。
7. lead to為「導致,引起」之意,同義詞有:
cause, result in, contribute to, bring about等。例:
‧Global warming leads to the rise of sea levels.
8. ...make family relationships even stronger.
stronger為比較級形容詞。修飾比較級形容詞可用even, much, a lot, a little, far等副詞。例:
‧Many people believe that women are much more emotional than men.
9. ...you wouldn't care too much if your children were poor....

10. I'd define a happy family as one having a mixture of good....
(1) define A as B解釋為「定義A為B」。例:
‧We define a good student as one who is well¬
behaved and active in learning.
(2) one having...good relationship為關係子句省略的分詞片語,原句為one which/that has a mixture...relationships.。
11. break down除了有「(關係)破裂」的意思外,還可以指「汽車或機器故障」。例:
‧On our way to Tainan, our car broke down on the highway.
Listening Practice
本課聽力單元練習全民英檢聽力的「對話」題型,在進行測驗前,教師可先讓同學複習以下的字彙或用語,以增進他們的理解能力。
2. useful adj.有用的,有幫助的
keep...from... 阻止…
4. take a break 休息片刻
a waste of time 浪費時間
5. too...to... 太…以至於不能…

[聽力腳本]



☆課後練習難題解析
I. Vocabulary
1. propose to sb表示「向某人求婚」。
3. Following the footprints left by the thief為分詞構句,是由副詞子句When the police followed... thief簡化而來;而the footprints left...是由關係子句which/that had been left by the thief簡化的分詞片語。
4. express sorrow at...為「對…表示悲痛」之意。
5. shooting star n. [C] 流星
visible to the naked eye表示「肉眼看得見的」。
8 .fancy adj. 昂貴的
outfit n. [C]全套服裝

II. Blank¬filling
1. on a journey to...為「去某地旅行」。
2. spend time (in) V¬ing表示「花時間做某事」。

III. Multiple Choice
1. Brought up in a big city....為分詞構句,原句為Because Ken was brought up in a big city....。
2. Raising the child on his own....為分詞構句,原句為Because John raised the child on his own....。on one's own為「獨自地」。
3. Here comes...on her face.為地方副詞的倒裝句,可還原為:An elegant lady with a smile on her face comes here.。with表示「帶著…」。
4. Between two hills...through the valley.原句可還原為:A clean and clear stream...between two hills.。
5. workaholic n. [C]工作狂

IV. Translation
1. to one's sorrow表示「令某人悲傷的是」。

☆其他相關參考資料
A. 相關書籍
1. 金色的窗,周增祥譯著。宇宙光出版,1989。
2. 家有可為幸福家庭與良好的溝通習慣,柯永河著。張老師文化出版,1995。
3. 孩子的未來,從家庭開始,高瑩君譯。天下雜誌出版,2006。
4. 知足就是幸福,千江月著。普天出版社出版,2007。
5. 知足生活,幸福滿分,燕尾蕨著。好FUN文化出版,2007。

B.相關網站
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_E._Richards (關於原作者Laura E. Richards的生平和作品介紹)
2. http://www.silentwords.com/Family.html
(一些關於family的詩)

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